-Delile
I- i-dyslexia kuyinkinga yemvelaphi ye-neurobiological ehlotshaniswa nokufunda ukufunda nokubhala.
Labo abahlangabezana nalesi sifo bayavuma ekuphikiseni ukuthi i-dyslexia kuvimbela ukufundwa kahle kwamagama ngoba ngokusobala izinhlamvu zishintshiwe (kufiphalisiwe noma hamba ephepheni).
Lokhu kuguqulwa akubonisi ukuthi umuntu one-dyslexia unenkinga ekuqondeni noma ukuthi kukhona uhlobo oluthile lokuphazamiseka kwengqondo. Ngokuphambene nalokho, ngokuvamile, abantu abane-dyslexia Bajwayele ukuqonda iziqubulo ngokuphelele uma zifundwa ngomunye umuntu, kepha abakwazi ukucubungula imininingwane enjalo lapho kufanele bazifundele isiqubulo esifanayo.
Ubani ongaba ne-dyslexia?
Ngenkathi njengamanje i-dyslexia itholwa ebuntwaneni (kusukela ekufundeni kwengane), kubalulekile ukusho ukuthi lobu bunzima bungadonsela empilweni yabantu abadala. Ngalesi sizathu kukhona ukwelashwa kwezingane nakubantu abadala abane-dyslexia.
Kwezinye izimo, i-dyslexia ihlotshaniswa nokungaqondi kahle nememori yesikhathi eside, ubunzima bokuhlukanisa ilungelo kwesobunxele. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kungavela izinkinga ekuqondeni kwesikhala-kwesikhashana.
Kubalulekile ukukukhombisa lokho abekho abantu ababili abafanayo abane-dyslexia. Ngakho-ke, icala ngalinye kufanele lihlolwe ngendlela ethile.
Ngakho-ke, uhlobo olulodwa kuphela lwe- test ukuhlola i-dyslexia ingahle ibe wusizo kwabanye abantu futhi iphelelwe yisikhathi kwabanye.
Izibonelo zokuhlolwa kwe-dyslexia
1. I-Piaget ne-Heat ukuhlolwa izivivinyo (psychomotor)
Lezi zivivinyo ziqukethe ukusetshenziswa kwe- Ukuhlolwa kwe-Piaget ne-Heat ukwenza i- ukuqashelwa kwesikimu somzimba yingane.
Ukuhlolwa kokuhlolwa kwesikhathi esizayo (amakhono we-psychomotor)
Kulokhu, uhlobo lokuhlolwa olwaziwa njenge Ukuhlolwa kukaHarri, lapho kuqala khona ubukhulu be-laterality. Lokhu kuhlolwa kubonakala ngokuzivocavoca okufushane nokuhehayo.
Ukubusa kwezandla. Ingane icelwa ukuthi ilingise ngezandla zayo:
- Ungaphosa kanjani ibhola
- Indlela oxubha ngayo amazinyo akho
- Indlela yokushayela isipikili
- Lola ipensela
- Sika iphepha ngesikele
- Ukubhala
- Sika ngommese
Ukubusa konyawo ngalunye. Ukuze wenze lokhu, ucelwa ukuthi wenze izivivinyo ezilandelayo. Uyacelwa ukuthi:
- Bhala incwadi ngonyawo
- Ukugxuma ngonyawo olulodwa
- Vula unyawo olulodwa
- Hamba uye phansi ngesinyathelo ngonyawo olulodwa
- Phakamisa umlenze owodwa esihlalweni
Ukuhlola kungenziwa futhi ukubheka i- ukubusa kwamehlo (bheka ngesibonakude noma nge-kaleidoscope) noma ukuhlolwa kwe- ukubusa kwendlebe eyodwa (lalela ngokuletha indlebe yakho odongeni noma phansi).
3. Isivivinyo sokuhlola isikhala (i-psychomotor)
Ukuhlolwa kokubona kwendawo yengane-yesikhashana kungenziwa kusetshenziswa isivivinyo se-gestalt esibizwa Ukuhlolwa kwebender.
4. Amathuluzi Okuzihlola Ku-inthanethi - Ukuhlola Ukuhlola
Yize lolu hlobo lwethuluzi lungeke lusinike umphumela oqondile (futhi ukubukeka kochwepheshe ozoxilonga ngokuhamba kwesikhathi kuzobe kunembile), kungashiwo ukuthi lolu hlobo lokuhlolwa lusisondeza endleleni engenzeka yenkinga umuntu ahlupheka ngayo.
Lolu hlobo lokuhlola lungasetshenziswa ezinganeni ezineminyaka ephakathi kuka-6 no-11 no-½ ubudala.
Imibuzo ejwayelekile
- Ingabe ingane ithatha isikhathi eside ukuqala ukuphimisa amagama kahle?
- Ingabe uvame ukuhlehlisa izinhlamvu kanye / noma izinombolo?
- Ukuqonda ukuhlanganisa noma ukukhipha Udinga ukwesekwa okubukwayo? Wake wakuthola kunzima ukuqonda le misebenzi?
- Udinga umhlahlandlela (umunwe, irula, njll.) Ukuze ukwazi ukulandela ukufundwa kahle?
- Uma ubhala, uhlukanisa amagama ngendlela engafanele bese uwahlanganisa nabanye?
- Ingabe kunzima kuwe ukuthi uhlukanise phakathi kwesokudla nesobunxele?
- Ngabe unenkinga enkulu yokufunda noma ukubhala kunezinye izingane ezineminyaka efanayo?
- Lapho ubhala, ingabe uvame ukushiya uhlamvu lokugcina lwegama ngalinye?
- Uma ubhala, udidanisa izinhlamvu bese uzibhala ngokuhlehla?
- Lapho ufunda, awukwazi ukuhlala phansi uthule bese udinga ukuthatha ipensela, ukuklwebha, njll?
Kulokhu izimpendulo zingaba ngu "yebo" noma "cha". Izimpendulo ezivumayo ngokwengeziwe ingane enazo, ziyanda iphesenti le-dyslexia abanayo.
5. I-DST-J
Lolu hlobo lokuhlola lusebenza nasezinganeni eziphakathi kweminyaka eyisithupha kuya kwengu-11 nengama-old ubudala. Imodi yaso yokusebenza iyodwa futhi kufanele ihlale phakathi kwemizuzu engama-25 nengama-45.
Ngalolu vivinyo, kwenziwa uchungechunge lwezivivinyo ezinezingxenye eziyi-12:
- Ubufakazi begama
- Ukuhlolwa kokuhlanganisa
- Isivivinyo sokufunda
- Ukuhlolwa kokuqina kokuma
- Ukuhlolwa kokuhlukaniswa kwemisindo
- Ukuhlolwa kwe-Rhyming
- Ukuhlolwa kokuchazwa
- Phinda Uhlole Ukubekwa Kwamadijithi
- Isivivinyo sokufunda umbhedo
- Kopisha ubufakazi
- Ukuhlolwa kokukhuluma ngamazwi
- Ukuhlolwa kwe-Semantic noma kwesilulumagama ngokushelela
6. Isivivinyo esithile sokuxilongwa kwe-dyslexia
Isinyathelo # 1 - Qamba izinhlamvu
Kufakwa izincwadi ezahlukahlukene bese umuntu ebuzwa ukuthi “khombisa igama lohlamvu ngalunye”.
Isinyathelo 2 - Umsindo wezinhlamvu
Kwenziwa inqubo efanayo edlule kepha kufakwa izinhlamvu ezahlukahlukene bese lowo muntu ebuzwa ukuthi enze umsindo waleyo ncwadi.
Isinyathelo 3 - Izinhlamvu zencwadi
Kulokhu, kubekwa izinhlamvu ezahlukahlukene kepha umuntu ucelwa ukuthi asho igama elifanele. Isibonelo: "SA"
Ukuzivocavoca kungaba nzima kakhulu uma izivivinyo ze:
- Izinhlamvu ezinongwaqa abanomsindo ozwakala owodwa noma onezincazelo ezimbili
- Izinhlamvu ezine- "U". Isibonelo "Gue".
7. EDIL
Luhlobo lokuhlola olusetshenziselwa hlola ijubane, ukunemba nokuqonda ukuqonda ukubhala nokubhala.
8. TCP
Ukuhlolwa okuvumela ukuhlola izinqubo zokufunda ezinganeni ezineminyaka ephakathi kwengu-6 nengu-16 ubudala.
9.I-Prolec-R
Ngale ndlela sizama qonda uhambo lokufunda oluthathwa ngumfundi ngamunye ukuze akwazi ukubona ukuthi ubunzima buvelaphi.
10.I-Prolec-SE
Lolu hlobo lokuhlola lungenziwa ezinganeni eziphakathi kweminyaka eyisithupha kuya kwengu-10 ubudala. Linganisa izinqubo ze-semantic, syntactic ne-lexical.
11. T.A.L.E
Yenza ukuhlolwa okujwayelekile komuntu ozokwazi unqume lapho ubunzima benzeka khona futhi uhlole ukuthi ngabe iyi-dyslexia noma cha.
Kubalulekile ukusho ukuthi lezi zivivinyo zenzelwe ukuholwa kuphela, futhi ukungenelela nokuxilongwa kochwepheshe kuhlala kunconywa.
