-Delile
I- inzika Kungukuqongelelwa kwezinto eziqinile, okubangelwa izinqubo zemvelo noma zokuhlola.
Izinto ezahlukahlukene ezivela ekugugulekeni kwamatshe zingahanjiswa ngamanxusa ahlukahlukene (umoya, amanzi, izinguzunga zeqhwa) ziye endaweni lapho zibekwe khona. Idiphozi eqhubekayo yezinto, ngenxa yalokho inqwabelana, okungukuthi, i- inzika.
I- amandla adonsela phansi kuyangenelela ezinqubweni zokudonswa kwenhlabathi, ngoba kungamandla enza ukuthi izinto, ezilengiswe emoyeni noma emanzini, ziphinde zibuye zibuye.
Noma kunjalo, amandla adonsela phansi ayangenelela kanye namanye amandla. I- Stokes umthetho uveza ukuthi izinhlayiya zihlala kalula uma zihlangabezana nanoma iyiphi yalezi zici:
- Ububanzi obukhulu bezinhlayiya.
- Isisindo esithile esiqinile sokuqina kuqhathaniswa noketshezi okumiswe kulo.
- I-viscosity ephansi yesilinganiso samanzi. Lokhu kusho, isibonelo, ukuthi inhlayiya yesayizi efanayo namandla adonsela phansi izohlala ngokushesha emanzini kunakuwoyela.
Ukuhleleka kwenzeka lapho umenzeli othutha izinto alahlekelwa amandla. Isibonelo, lapho umoya uyeka noma ukugeleza komfula kuncipha.
Ukuqoqwa kwento entsha ekuqongeleleni enye impahla kubizwa ukuhlukaniswa futhi kuyisimo sedimentation.
Kunezindawo ezithile ebusweni bomhlaba lapho izinhlabathi ziqongelela khona, ngenxa yezici zazo zokuhlala. Lezi zindawo zibizwa abezindaba sedimentary noma izindawo ezihlala phansi futhi zehlukile kuzo zonke izindawo eziseduze, kokuqukethwe ngokomzimba, kwamakhemikhali nakwizinto eziphilayo. Imithombo yezindaba ye-sedimentary ingaba ngezwekazi, yesikhashana, noma yasolwandle.
Ngaphandle kokuba yi- into yemvelo, inzika ingakhiqizwa kabusha. Lapho kwenziwa ngaphansi kwezimo zelabhoratri nayo ingabizwa ukulahla, futhi siqukethe ukuhlukaniswa kwezinhlayiya ezimisiwe ezinesisindo esithile esiphakeme kunaleso esiphakathi ketshezi.
Izibonelo zesidumbu
- Ukuhlanzwa kwamanzi (i-sedimentation sedimentation): Kususelwa kumthetho kaStokes, yingakho kwenziwa umzamo wokukhulisa ububanzi bezinhlayiya ezimiswe emanzini, ukuzihlanganisa. Lokhu kufinyelelwa ngenxa yenqubo yokujiya nokugudluka (okwenzeka ngokwemvelo egazini kepha kukhiqizwa ngokufakelwa emanzini).
- Ukuphathwa kwendle (inzika yokufakelwa): The udaba oluqinile, organic noma cha, emanzini. Inqubo yokwakheka kwezinhlabathi yenza kube nokwehla phakathi kuka-40 no-60% wezinto eziqinile ezimisiwe.
- Ugibe lwesihlabathi (i-sedimentation sedimentation): Kukhona i-sedimentation ebizwa ngokuthi i-discrete noma i-granular. Lokhu kusho ukuthi izinhlayiya zihlala njengamayunithi ngamanye, ngaphandle kokuxhumana komunye nomunye (ngokungafani ne-coagulation).
- I-Alluvium: Isilinganiso sedimentary sedimentary. Izinto eziqinile ziyathuthwa zifakwe emfuleni wamanzi. Lezi zinto eziqinile (okungaba isihlabathi, i-gravel, ubumba noma i-silt), zihlangana emibhedeni yemifula, emathafeni lapho kwenzeka khona isikhukhula noma ezindaweni zasolwandle.
- Izindunduma: umoya opholile (imvelo yezwekazi). Izindunduma ukuqoqwa kwesihlabathi okubangelwa isenzo somoya. Zingafinyelela ubude obufinyelela kumamitha ayi-15.
- Iziqhingi zaseSedimentary: Imifula ihambisa izinto eziqinile ezimiswe emanzini, kepha njengoba zingahambi ngaso sonke isikhathi ngejubane elifanayo, okuqinile kungabekwa ezindaweni ezithile, kwakheke iziqhingi. Bayingxenye yama-deltas kepha futhi bangaba khona kude nomlomo wemifula.
- AmaMoraines (i-continental sedimentation sedimentation): I-moraine ukuqoqwa kwezidalwa ezakhiwe yi-glacier. Njengoba ukwakheka okuningi kweqhwa kusuka ekukwelekeleni kungasekho, ama-moraines angatholakala ezigodini ezakhiwe izinguzunga zeqhwa ezingasekho lapho.
- Izixhobo zemvelo (imvelo yasolwandle): Kuyizinqolobane zezidalwa ezakhiwe ngokusebenzisana kwezinto eziphilayo nemvelo yazo. Zisekelwa ngohlaka. Isibonelo, imifula yamakhorali ukuqoqwa kwamakhorali kanye ne-calcareous algae ekhula ngaphezu komunye nomunye.
- IDelta (isisekelo sedimentary sedimentary): Umlomo womfula imbangela yawo ihlukaniswe yaba izingalo eziningi ezihlukanisayo ziphinde zihlangane, zakhe iziqhingi neziteshi. Lapho iziqhingi zakhiwa ngenqubo yokwakheka komhlaba, amanzi avula izindlela ezintsha ukuqhubeka nenkambo yawo, akhe izingalo neziteshi ezintsha.
- Imithambeka (sedimentary marine sedimentary): Ziyizici zomhlaba eziphakathi kwamamitha angama-200 kanye nama-4000 ngaphansi kogu lolwandle. Zakhiwa ukuqoqwa kwezinto eziqinile ezithuthwa zivela emazwenikazi, ngenxa yamandla emisinga yasolwandle. Lezi zinto zokwakha zakha izigodi, izintaba, nemihosha. Imvamisa zisesimweni sethafa elixegayo, ezindizeni ezifana nezinyathelo.
