-Delile
Lapho sikhuluma ngayo izigaba zokukhula komuntu, sisho okuhlukile izigaba umuntu adlula kuzo kusukela ekukhulelweni kuye ekufeni, futhi lapho kwenzeka khona ushintsho lwazo zonke izinhlobo, emzimbeni nasengqondweni yakhe.
Lezi zigaba zigcwaliseka ngokuphelele kubo bonke abantu bohlobo lwesintu, ngaphandle kokuthola amathuba, Yize izici ezithile zingahluka ngokuya ngecala elithile. Ngakho-ke, ngokwesibonelo, kuzoba khona intsha enezinkinga zezinduna nezinye ezingenazo, kepha akekho noyedwa oyokwazi ukweqa ubusha.
Kufanele futhi kuthiwe Izinguquko ezikhiqizwe esigabeni ngasinye, kanye nendlela yokubhekana nazo, ziyizinqumo ezinqumayo nezinqumayo kokulandelayo.Ngakho-ke, ubuntwana nobusha, njengezigaba zokuqala, kubaluleke kakhulu kumthethosisekelo wokugcina womuntu. Impilo, eqondwa ngale ndlela, ukulandelana kwezimo zenguquko ezishiya uphawu lwazo kithi kuze kube sekugcineni.
Izigaba eziyisikhombisa zokukhula komuntu
Izigaba zokukhula komuntu ziyisikhombisa, futhi zimi kanje:
1) Isigaba sokubeletha. Lesi yisigaba sokuqala sempilo yomuntu, esibizwa nangokuthi isigaba se-intrauterine, ngoba senzeka ngaphakathi esibelethweni sikamama ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa. Ngakho-ke, lesi sigaba isuka ekukhulelweni (ukuhlanganiswa kwamangqamuzana ocansi lwabazali) kanye nokukhula kombungu, kuye ekuzalweni noma ekubelethweni.
Lesi sigaba ngokuvamile sithatha izinyanga eziyisishiyagalolunye futhi sinezigaba ezintathu ezihlukene, okuyilezi:
- Isigaba seGerm noma se-zygote. Ngalesi sigaba, iqanda elikhuleliswa isidoda, elaziwa ngaleso sikhathi njenge-zygote, liqala ukuphindaphindeka kwamaseli okuholela ekukhuleni kosayizi, kuthathe izimpande ezicutshini zesibeletho ekupheleni kwesonto lesibili lokukhulelwa.
- Isigaba se-embryonic. Ngemuva kwalokho, i-zygote ingabizwa ngombungu, futhi phakathi nalesi sigaba esisuka esontweni lesibili liye kweleshumi nambili (inyanga yesithathu) yokukhulelwa, sithinteka kakhulu ekungcoleni kwangaphandle okunjengotshwala, ugwayi, imisebe noma izifo Ngalesi sigaba izingqimba zombungu ziqala ukwanda futhi zigxile, kwakheke okuzoba izicubu ezahlukahlukene zombungu kamuva.
- Isigaba se-Fetal. Lapho lesi sigaba sesifinyelelwe, umbungu uba umbungu futhi uzobe usuvele unesimo esithile somuntu, yize uzoqhubeka nokukhula kuze kube yizinyanga eziyisishiyagalolunye zokukhulelwa, lapho kuzoba ingane elungele ukuphuma esibelethweni sikamama ngomsele wokuzalwa.
2) Isigaba sobuntwana. Isigaba sesibili empilweni yawo wonke umuntu, kodwa ngaphandle kokuqala kokuqukethwe nokuvikelwa komzimba kamama, ubuntwana. Kusuka ngesikhathi sokubeletha kuze kube cishe eminyakeni eyisithupha ubudala, lapho ubuntwana buqala kanjalo.
Ekuqaleni kwalesi sigaba umuntu ubizwa usanda kuzalwa, unekhanda elingalingani nomzimba wakhe futhi ulala isikhathi esiningi. Ukwamukelwa kwamandla ayo ezimoto nawokuzwa kuyaqala nje, ngakho-ke kuveza ukunyakaza okuzenzakalelayo nokuzenzekelayo, njengokuncela ibele likamama, futhi kukhulumisana nabangaphandle ngezimpendulo zemizwa ezingakhethi (ukukhala).
Njengoba isikhathi sihamba, noma kunjalo, usana lufunda ukulawula izitho zomzimba zalo, izigaxa zalo, nokuhamba, kanye nezinye iziqalo zolimi.
3) Isigaba sobuntwana. Kutholakala phakathi kweminyaka engu-6 nengu-12 ubudala, Lesi sigaba sesithathu sokukhula komuntu siqondana nokufunda komuntu, okusho ukuthi, ikhono lakhe lokufunda nokuhlala nabanye abantu abangontanga yabo. Esikoleni ingane ifunda ngokusebenzisa izindlela ezahlukahlukene zokudlala nezokufundisa ukusizakala ngokwengqondo, ngokomzimba nangokwenhlalo.
Kulesi sigaba, umuzwa wokuzibophezela, ukuzithanda, ukuhlonipha abanye nabanye nakho kuyasungulwa, kanye nekhono lokuhlukanisa phakathi kwangempela nokucabanga. Kuyisigaba esiyinhloko ekwakheni ingqondo yomuntu ngamunyeNgakho-ke, ingane izama ukuvikela ngangokunokwenzeka emathonyeni amabi omphakathi.
4) Isigaba sobusha. Lesi sigaba sesine sempilo yomuntu siqala ekupheleni kobuntwana, sineminyaka yobudala eyi-12, futhi siphela ngokungena ebusheni, cishe iminyaka engama-20. Ayikho imingcele eqondile yalokhu, njengoba yehluka ngokuya komuntu ngamunye: kepha ukungena ebusheni kuthathwa njengesiqalo esicacile sobusha, okungukuthi, ukuvuthwa ngokocansi komuntu.
Ngalesi sizathu, ubusha mhlawumbe ngesinye sezinyathelo zabantu eziletha ushintsho olubaluleke kakhulu ngokomzimba nangokomzwelo. Ukuthuthuka kwezocansi kubonakala ngezinguquko zomzimba:
- Ukubukeka kwezinwele zomzimba (ubuso emadodeni) futhi ikakhulukazi izinwele zasesidlangalaleni.
- Ukwehlukaniswa komzimba phakathi kwamantombazane nabafana.
- Izwi elijiyile kwabesilisa.
- Ukubukeka kwezici zesibili zocansi njengokukhula kwebele, noma ukukhuliswa kwepipi.
- Ukukhula okusheshisiwe kokuphakama nesisindo.
- Ukuqala kokuya esikhathini kwabesifazane.
Kanye nezinguquko zenhlalo nezingokomzwelo:
- Ukushintshashintsha kwemizwa njalo.
- Ukubukeka kwesifiso sobulili.
- Ukuthambekela kokushintsha imvelo yomndeni naleyo yabangane, amaqembu amafomu, amabhendi, njll.
- Ukuthambekela ekuhlukanisweni futhi ubalekele iqiniso.
- Ukuba sengozini ngokomzwelo kanye nesidingo sokuhlonza okusha.
Lesi sigaba siyisihluthulelo senqubo yokuzitholela wena nomhlaba osizungezile, kanye nempilo ethandekayo kanye namagugu azohola lowo muntu kamuva abe mdala.
5) Isigaba sentsha. Intsha ibizwa ngokuthi isigaba sokuqala sokuba mdala noma sokuba mdala, lapho umuntu esevele esevuthiwe kwezocansi futhi esenqobile isiphithiphithi sobusha, elungele ukuqala impilo aziphathele yona. Intsha ngokuvamile ibhekwa ukuthi iphakathi kweminyaka engama-20 nengama-25 ubudala, noma le mingcele ingalungiswa..
Ngesikhathi sobusha, lo muntu uyazi ukuthi ungubani futhi uzimisele kakhulu kulokho akufunayo empilweni, noma ngabe engenakho ukulinganisela okungokomzwelo okufana nokuvuthwa. Kuyisigaba sokufunda okubanzi, okungasaphazanyiswa amandla okukhula, lapho umsebenzi nokuphila komphakathi kuvame ukuhlala endaweni enelungelo.
6) Isigaba sokuba mdala. Isigaba esivame ukwedlula sonke sokuthuthuka komuntu, Iqala ngemuva kweminyaka yobudala engama-25, ngokuphela kobusha futhi ihlala ize ingene ekugugeni noma ebudaleni, cishe eminyakeni engama-60. Umuntu omdala uthathwa njengophelele ebuchosheni bakhe bengqondo, ngokomzimba nangokwemvelo, ukuze kulesi sigaba kube nesifiso sobaba nokuthola umndeni kuvame ukwenzeka.
Ukusebenza okubaluleke kakhulu kuqukethwe kulesi sigaba, okuthi, yize siqukethe konke okushicilelwe yizigaba zokwakheka, futhi kuyisigaba lapho umuntu ethambekele ekwenzeni ukuthula ngokwengeziwe noma ngaye nangokuphelele kwakhe. Umuntu omdala kulindeleke ukuthi abe nokulawula ngokomzwelo kanye nesimo esibalulekile ebengenaso ezigabeni ezedlule..
7) Isigaba sokuguga. Isigaba sokugcina sempilo yomuntu, esiqala cishe eminyakeni engama-60 yobudala futhi siqhubeke kuze kube sekufeni. Abantu abadala kulesi sigaba babizwa ngokuthi "asebekhulile" futhi Imvamisa kuba sekupheleni kochungechunge lomndeni lapho bedlulisela khona izifundo zabo ezibalulekile nezimfundiso zabo.
Kuyisigaba sokwehla kwamandla omzimba nawokuzala, yize kulinganiselwa ukuthi inani lokukhula ngokomzimba nangokwengqondo kwezigaba ezedlule lizothonya izinga eliphakeme noma elincane lobuthakathaka kubantu asebekhulile. Ukugula, ukugula nokungabi nandaba nempilo ejwayelekile (kuvuna izinkumbulo zesikhathi esedlule) kuyisici salesi sigaba somhlalaphansi.
Kwezinye izimo lokhu kwehla komzimba kungavimbela impilo ejwayelekile, kanti kokunye kumane kuholele ebuntwini obunobugovu, obungaxakile nobungenabuntu.
