Izinto ezinobuthi

-Delile

• Ukuhlukaniswa
• Izinhlobo zomonakalo ezikhiqizayo
• Ukubonakaliswa emzimbeni
• Izibonelo zezinto ezinobuthi emzimbeni womuntu

I- izinto ezinobuthi Yimikhiqizo yamakhemikhali kwezinye izinqubo zayo (ukwenziwa, ukusetshenziswa, ukusatshalaliswa noma ukulahlwa) kuveza ingozi empilweni yabantu (izifo noma nokufa).

Yize ubuthi buba khona lapho noma iziphi izigaba ziyingozi empilweni, imvamisa kuhlotshaniswa nazo ukusetshenziswa: Iningi lezinto ezinobuthi zingamakhemikhali okwenziwa, abangela ukulimala lapho esetshenziswa ngomlomo.

Ukuhlukaniswa

I- ubuthi bezobuthi okukhethekile okunikezelwe kulolu hlobo lwezinto. Umphumela wezinto noma izimo zangaphandle kuzidalwa eziphilayo, izinhlelo zebhayoloji, izitho, izicubu namaseli, yindawo yokufunda lesi siyalo.

Imvamisa uhlukanisa izinto ezinobuthi ngamaqembu amathathu:

• Izinto zamakhemikhali okuphilayo nokungajwayeleki okudala ukulimala emzimbeni: izinto zamakhemikhali ezifana nomthofu ziyavela phakathi kwezinto ezingaphili, kanti phakathi kwezinto eziphilayo kukhona izinto ezifana ne-methanol, kanye nobuthi obuningi obuvela ezilwaneni.
• Ubuthi begazi, Ikhiqizwa ngobuthi obukhiqizwa ngamagciwane namagciwane, okuzala ngokuthuthukisa izifo. Ngokungafani naleso esedlule, lolu hlobo lobuthi buncike ekhonweni lomphathi lokuzivikela, ngoba kungenzeka ukuthi izinto ezimbili ezifanayo zisebenza ngokuhlukile kuma-receptors ahlukile.
• Ubuthi bomzimbaKukuzinto ezahlukahlukene ezingavamisile ukuthathwa njengezinobuthi, kepha lokho noma kunjalo kuthinta umzimba njenge-X-rays kanye ne-gamma rays, noma imisebe evela ezinhlayiyaneni ezahlukahlukene.

Bhekafuthi: Izibonelo Zenkunkuma Eyingozi

Izinhlobo zomonakalo ezikhiqizayo

Lapho ubuthi bungena emzimbeni, bungakhiqiza izinhlobo ezahlukahlukene ze- ukuguqulwa kwesakhiwo noma ukulimala (kusuka kumaseli awohlokayo) noma asebenzayo (njengokushintshwa kwe-DNA noma ukuvimbela isenzo se-enzymatic). Umphumela abanayo emzimbeni uhlukanisa ubuthi kusigaba esisha:

1. I-toxics yokungezwani komzimba: Ubuthi bungena esakhiweni samaprotheni.
2. Ubuthi obubulala izinzwa: Zithinta isimiso sezinzwa esiyinhloko.
3. Ukuqeda ubuthi: Zivimbela ukufika komoya-mpilo ezicutshini.
4. Ubuthi be-carcinogenic: Zithinta ukwakheka kwe-RNA ne-DNA.
5. Ubuthi obonakalisayo: Zonakalisa izicubu ezisebenza kuzo.

Ukubonakaliswa emzimbeni

Lapho umzimba womuntu usindwa yilezo zinto eziyingozi empilweni yawo, kuthiwa umzimba ukudakwa. Kulezi zimo, umzimba uvamise ukuhlasela into, ukuphatha ukuyilawula, uyihlise ngesikhathi esifushane bese uyixosha: kodwa-ke, kwesinye isikhathi le nqubo yehluleka ngoba izivikelo zemvelo ziphansi, noma ngoba kukhona ukuminyana okuphezulu kwento ehlaselayo .

Ukubonakala kwe- izinduna kanye nama-hives, umkhuhlane onzima, ukuphefumula kanzima, uhudo olunzima, ukuhlanza okukhulu nezinye izimpawu Yilezo umzimba ozisebenzisayo ukukhombisa ukudakwa, futhi kumele ziphathwe ngodokotela ngendlela efanelekile.

Izibonelo zezinto ezinobuthi emzimbeni womuntu

1. I-Acetone
2. I-Methanol
3. Isifo sofuba iMycobacterium
4. Igciwane lesifo semfiva iRift Valley
5. I-Arsenic
6. I-Hydrogen sulfide
7. I-chlorobenzene
8. I-Cadmium
9. Igciwane le-encephalitis yaseVenezuela
10. Uhlobo lweShigelladysenteriae 1
11. UChlordane
12. I-anhydride yesibabule
13. Aniline
14. Isitayela
15. Igciwane le-West Nile
16. Igciwane lomkhuhlane ophuzi
17. Igciwane lase-Russian entwasahlobo-encephalitis virus
18. UN 2900
19. IVinyl chloride
20. Amafutha kaphethiloli
21. Ama-asbestosi
22. Izibulala-zinambuzane
23. Ama-pesticides (ama-organochlorines, ama-pyrethroids, ama-carbamate)
24. Igciwane le-Sabia
25. Hola
26. I-Mercury
27. I-Americium
28. I-cyyanide
29. IVinyl acetate
30. Chlorfenvinphos
31. I-Trichlorethylene
32. Isocyanates
33. Igciwane lovendle
34. I-Amoniya
35. Chloroethane
36. Toluene
37. Igciwane lamarabi
38. I-Aluminium
39. Ama-chlorophenols
40. Igciwane lomkhuhlane we-Omsk hemorrhagic fever
41. Yersinia pestis
42. I-Carbon monoxide
43. Izinki
44. I-Tetradoxin
45. I-Acrylonitrile
46. I-virus ethwalwa nge-encephalitis virus
47. I-Barium chloride
48. I-Acrolein
49. Itha
50. Igciwane le-Variola