-Delile
Ngokwe-asidi yabo, izinto zihlukaniswa zibe esidi, i-alkaline noma hlangothi. I-asidi ilinganiswa ngo- pH, emele i-hydrogen engaba khona. Into engathathi hlangothi ine-pH engu-7.
Izinto i-pH yayo ingaphansi kuka-7, yizinto ezine-asidi. Izinga le-asidi eliphakeme kakhulu yi-pH 0. I-asidi isho ukuthi ukuminyana kwama-hydrogen ions akhokhiswe kahle kukhulu kunalawo ama-hydroxyl ions akhokhiswe kabi (i-hydrogen ne-oxygen).
Ama-acid abonakala ngalokhu:
- Ukunambitheka okumuncu
- Redden iphepha le-litmus
- Khiqiza i-effervescence nge-calcium carbonate
- Baphendula ngezinsimbi ezithile ezifana ne-zinc noma i-iron.
- Ziyancipha izisekelo
- Esisombululo samanzi benza kube lula ukudlula kwamandla kagesi
- Zonakalisa izicubu zebhayoloji njengesikhumba
- Chaza izinto
Labo abane-pH enkulu kuno-7, yizinto ze-alkaline. Izinga eliphakeme kakhulu le-alkalinity yi-pH 14. I-alkalinity isho ukuthi ukuqoqwa kwama-ion hydroxyl akhokhiswe kabi (i-hydrogen ne-oxygen) kukhulu kunalokho kwe-hydrogen ions ekhokhiswe kahle. Ama-alikhali, abizwa nangokuthi izisekelo, abonakala ngalokhu:
- Ukunambitheka okumunyu
- Iphepha le-tile litmus
- Azithandeki ekuthinteni
- Izinto ezichithwe ama-acids ziyaqhuma
- Kwisisombululo samanzi baphinde bakusize ukudlula kwamandla kagesi
- Chaza amafutha nesibabule
- Zinciphisa ama-acid
Izibonelo zezinto ezingathathi hlangothi
- Ubisi: ubisi luyinto engathathi hlangothi (pH 6.5). Kodwa-ke, lapho ihlangana namajusi esisu iba yinto ene-asidi, ngakho-ke, ngokuphambene nalokho okukholelwa kakhulu, akunconywa ukuthi uyisebenzise lapho uphethwe isilungulela.
- Amanzi agijimayo: amanzi ompompi noma amanzi ompompi kufanele kube yinto engathathi hlangothi. Kodwa-ke, amanzi angafakwa i-ionized, okusho ukuthi ama-hydrogen ions ayo (akhokhiswe kahle) angakhula ngokuba ne-asidi.
- Amaminerali amanzi ane gas: Amaminerali negesi emanzini asemabhodleleni akuyishintshi kakhulu i-pH yamanzi asemabhodleleni.
- Amaminerali amanzi ngaphandle kwegesi
- Insipho yamanzi: isikhumba siphakathi kwe-asidi (i-pH 5.5 cishe) kuyilapho izinsipho eziqinile zine-pH engaphezu kuka-8. Izinsipho eziwuketshezi ziyimikhiqizo yokwenziwa okunezelwa kuyo i-asidi ukuze kutholakale i-pH engathathi hlangothi. Insipho yeGlycerin kuthiwa "ayithathi hlangothi" ngoba ine-pH efana nesikhumba, kepha ngokwamakhemikhali iyinto ene-asidi, ngoba i-pH yayo ingaphansi kuka-7.
- Insipho yokuwasha uketshezi: insipho engathathi hlangothi ayinabudlova kakhulu ezindwangu kunezinsipho ze-asidi.
- Igazi: phakathi kuka-7.3 no-7.4
- Amathe: phakathi kuka-6.5 no-7.4
