Isibikezelo

-Delile

• Izinguquko zikhona kwisilandiso
• Izinhlobo zokubikezela
• Izibonelo zesilandiso esilula somlomo
• Izibonelo zesilandiso somlomo esihlanganisiwe
• Izibonelo zebizo lesabizwana isilandiso
• Izibonelo zebizo lesiphawulo, isilandiso esingaphikiswa
• Izibonelo zesilandiso sento engasho lutho
• Izibonelo zesilandiso esingenakusetshenziswa
• Izibonelo zesilandiso se-verboidal nonverbal

Isakhiwo sohlelo lolimi somusho ngokuvamile sihlukaniswe saba yinhloko nesilandiso. Isilandiso yisakhiwo somusho esichaza kabanzi isenzo esenziwa yisihloko futhi, ukuchaza isenzo, kufanele sibe nesenzo.

Ngokwesibonelo:

• UJuan wagijima.
• Bona bafika kuqala.
• UMaria muhle.

Ingqikithi yokukhuluma yesilandiso imvamisa isenzo (noma ngaphezulu) esiveza isenzo esikhulu. Lesi senzo kufanele sivumelane ngenombolo ne-nucleus yendaba.

Yize isilandiso sivame ukubekwa ngemuva kwesihloko ngaphakathi komusho, kwesinye isikhathi sandulela sona. Ngokwesibonelo: UJuan wagijima.

Lapho isigwebo siveza isihloko esicashile, konke ukwakheka kwemisho kuzonqunywa, ngoba isihloko sizoqondwa kepha singachazwa. Isibonelo: Asidlale. ("Asidlale" is Simple Verbal Predicate / "We" is the Unspoken Subject).

Izinguquko zikhona kwisilandiso

Isenzo somusho singaba nezakhiwo ezilandelayo ezizishintsha noma zandise ulwazi lwayo:

• Isimo. Inikeza imininingwane ngezimo lapho isenzo senzeka khona. Ngokwesibonelo: UMaria wafunda ngothando. 
• Into eqondile. Yinto ethola isenzo sesenzo ngqo. Isibonelo: UMaria wafunda izincwadi ezintsha. (Bafunde)
• Into engaqondile. Ngumamukeli wesenzo esivala isenzo futhi sethulwe yi- "a" noma "para”. Ngokwesibonelo: UMaria wafunda izincwadi ezintshaezinganeni.
• I-plugin yomenzeli. Itholakala ngemisho yezwi engenziwanga futhi yethulwa ngesilandiso "por". Ngokwesibonelo: Kwafundwa izincwadi nguMaria.
• Isengezo semithi. Kwenzeka ezimweni lapho isenzo sidinga isibikezelo (sincike, sithembele, siphikelele). Ngokwesibonelo: Waphikelela uMaria ekufundeni izincwadi.
• Ukuqagela. Lapho umnyombo wesilandiso kuyisenzo sokukopisha noma sokunikeza ('ser', 'estar', 'sala', 'sifane'), umsebenzi waso ukuxhuma, kufanele kube khona isibikezelo noma imfanelo. Ngokwesibonelo: UJuana muhle.

Izinhlobo zokubikezela

Isilandiso somlomo. Iqukethe isenzo esisodwa noma eziningi:

• Okulula. Inesenzo esisodwa kuphela. Ngokwesibonelo: I-U.S sifike kuqala.
• Inhlanganisela. Inezenzo ezingaphezu kwesisodwa ezihambisana nendaba efanayo. Ngokwesibonelo: I-U.S safika sahlala kuqala.

Isilandiso esingakhulumi ngamazwi. Ayizivezi izenzo. Kungaba njalo:

• Okuzisholo. Ngokuya ngohlobo lwamagama akha i-nucleus, kungaba ibizo lesabizo (Ex.Ibhayisikobho, Phuma.), noma isiphawulo sokuqanjwa (isib.Kuhle, ekuseni).
• Isandiso. Banesandiso njenge-nucleus yabo. Ngokwesibonelo: Ukuphuma, laphaya. 
• Into. Isenzo esiguqukayo siyasuswa. Ngokwesibonelo: ¿Uvalo, mina? (Ngesenzo kungaba: Ukwesaba, ngiyaxolisa?
• I-Verboidal. Banesenzo njenge-nucleus yabo. Kungaba ngezindlela ezintathu: okungapheli (Eks.Wena, ngiphikise?), iqhaza (Eks.Abahlali, uthukuthele), nogerund (Eks.U.S, ukusebenza).

Kokubili isilandiso kanye nesihloko kungenzeka zingaveli emshweni uma kukhulunywa ngemisho eyodwa.

• Ingakusebenzela: Isihloko

Izibonelo zesilandiso esilula somlomo

1. Ingane wagijima wazungeza isikwele.
2. Abafundi basifunda isifundo.
3. UGeorge ungummeli.
4. Uphuthelwe yisigaba futhi.
5. Sizoya eholidini kulo lonke elaseYurophu.
6. Ugogo ushiye i-tv ubusuku bonke.
7. Bingelela izihlobo zakho.
8. Kuvele umgwaqo omkhulu.
9. Umenzi wobubi waboshwa ngemuva kwamahora.
10. Iyathengiswa ifenisha esetshenzisiwe.

Izibonelo zesilandiso somlomo esihlanganisiwe

1. UDaniel ukhohlwe ipotimende esikhumulweni sezindiza wagijima wayolithathauku.
2. Siyazi ngale ndaba futhi yibona abahamba phambili. (Isihloko se-Tacit: us)
3. Ubusuku bonke sifunda futhi sizijwayeza. (Isihloko se-Tacit: us)
4. UJuana uyazi ukuthi ufunani futhi ulwela ukukuthola.
5. Amapayipi ziyakhukhula bese ziqala ukumboza.
6. Izingane badlala futhi bagijime usuku lonke.
7. Bathole ikhambi futhi bazolisebenzisa. (Isihloko esingakhulunywanga: bona)
8. Ngiyathanda ukucula futhi ngizilolongela okuningi ukuze ngithuthuke. (Isihloko esingakhulumi: mina)
9. Wonke umuntu bayangibuza bangilinde ngibatshele ukuthi ngubani owinile kulo mncintiswano.
10. Abaphathiazange bazethule noma bathumele imiyalezo kubasebenzi babo.

Izibonelo zebizo lesabizwana isilandiso

1. Umnyuziyamu, isimangaliso.
2. Inkulumo, isiqeshana sephepha.
3. Abantu, iviyo elingenanjongo.
4. Ukushisa, ukwesaba.
5. Umculi omusha, ukutholakala.

Izibonelo zebizo lesiphawulo, isilandiso esingaphikiswa

1. Kuhle, ekuseni.
2. Izandla zakhe, ithambile.
3. Abazali bethu, uyaziqhenya.
4. Mncane, abanamakhono.
5. Abalaleli, ethembekile.

Izibonelo zesilandiso sento engasho lutho

1. U.S, indlu entsha?
2. Wena, ukuziqhenya?
3. Ukuhlukumeza, kwabaphumelele.
4. AmaDaisy, ezingulubeni.
5. Uyesaba, mina?

Izibonelo zesilandiso esingenakusetshenziswa

1. Ngendlela efanayo, kuze kube phakade.
2. Lapha, lapho sihlala khona.
3. Abafana, Ngokushesha!
4. Kuyaphuthuma, yonke iminyango ivaliwe.
5. Namandla, isivunguvungu somoya.

Izibonelo zesilandiso se-verboidal nonverbal

1. Abafana, edlala njalo. (IGerund)
2. Ubusuku, icacisa kancane kancane. (IGerund)
3. Inyanga, bepopola. (IGerund)
4. Umaka, kukhombisa ukuphela. (IGerund)
5. Umculi, ukudala. (IGerund)
6. Umkhuba ojwayelekile hamba uhambe. (Okungapheli)
7. Imiyalo kadokotela, phuza amanzi amaningi uphumule. (Okungapheli)
8. Gijima njalo ekuseni, ukukhathazeka kwakhe. (Okungapheli)
9. Umnyuziyamu, ihlale inakekelwa kahle. (Bamba iqhaza)
10. Iminyango, vula banzi. (Bamba iqhaza)

Ingakusebenzela: Isihloko nesilandiso