Izisekelo Zamakhemikhali

-Delile

• Ukusetshenziswa kwezisekelo
• Izibonelo zezisekelo zamakhemikhali

A isizinda samakhemikhali konke lokho Into encibilikayo ikhipha i-hydroxyl ions (OH^–). Izisekelo zamakhemikhali zaziwa nangokuthi i-alkalis, ngoba ngokuhlukanisa nokukhulula amaqembu e-hydroxyl, i- pH izixazululo ziyanda, okungukuthi, isixazululo siba yi-alkaline. Lokhu kuphambene nalokho okwenzekayo lapho a i-asidi, ngoba kuleso simo i-pH iyancipha futhi isixazululo siba ne-asidi.

I- izisekelo banokunambitheka okubabayo kwesici. Ngemuva kokuqedwa, izixazululo ezivelayo ziqhuba amandla kagesi (ngenxa yokuba khona kwama-ion) futhi zivame ukubanga futhi zicasule isikhumba nezinye izicubu zomuntu nezilwane.

Izisekelo enza ama-acid anciphise, ngokuvamile akha usawoti. Izixazululo ze-alikhali zivame ukuzizwa zishelele noma insipho; Lokhu kwenzeka ngoba bakhiqiza ngokushesha ukugcotshwa kwe- amafutha abakhona ebusweni besikhumba.

I- ukuncibilika kwama-hydroxide kuya ngensimbi: lezo zeqembu (I) yizona ezincibilika kakhulu emanzini, ngakolunye uhlangothi, ama-hydroxide ezakhi ezinesilinganiso se-oxidation (II) ancibilika kancane kanti lawo ezinga le-oxidation (III) noma (IV) cishe awancibiliki . Ama-amines nezisekelo ze-nucleic acid yizona ezisakazeke kakhulu ezisekelweni eziphilayo.

Ukusetshenziswa kwezisekelo

I-sodium hydroxide isetshenziswa kakhulu embonini: yilokho okuthiwa i-caustic soda. Ekwenziweni kwe- insipho kusetshenziswa amafutha ezilwane noma emifino, abiliswa ngawo i-hydroxide i-sodium, ngakho-ke kwakhiwa i-sodium stearate.

I-sodium hydroxide nayo iyasetshenziswa ekwenziweni kokuhlanza i-oven, ekwakheni uginindela wephepha nokunye abahlanza izindlu. Esinye isisekelo esisetshenziswa kakhulu yi-calcium hydroxide, eyi- eluhlaza off lokho okusetshenziselwa ukwakhiwa.

Izibonelo zezisekelo zamakhemikhali