-Delile
Inqubo yokukhipha amandla ibizwa ngokuthi ukushisa. Lokhu kungenzeka ngqo ngokushintshaniswa kwamagesi ne-oxygen, noma ngengxube yezinto eziqukethe umoya-mpilo: lapho umlilo uvutha nomoya, omunye uphambi kwalokhu. Imikhiqizo yento evutha umlilo ivame ukubizwa ngokuthi umusi, futhi lokhu kungaqukatha izinto ezihlukile ngale kwalezo ezisabelayo.
Kusukela ekuguqulweni kwezimboni, uphethiloli uyinto ebalulekile ezimpilweni zabantu, njengoba ikhona njengokuhle okuhambisanayo kunani elikhulu lemikhiqizo yabathengi abaningi, kanye nasezinqubeni eziningi zezimboni.
Intengo kaphethiloli, ngakho-ke, imvamisa iba yinto ebaluleke kakhulu ekuthathweni kwezinqumo maqondana nokuthi iziphi izindlela zokusebenzisa ukuthola amandla, lapho kuvela khona ezinye izindlela eziningi kanye nezigaba.
Yize kunokuhlukaniswa okuningi okungenziwa mayelana nophethiloli, okunye okuvame kakhulu ukwahlukanisa ngokwesimo sabo sokuhlanganiswa. Ukuhlukaniswa kufaka phakathi amaqembu amathathu:
I- izibaseli eziqinile yibo abashisa ukukhiqiza umlotha. Ukushisa kwayo kuncike ezintweni ezinjengomswakama wayo, ijubane lokusakazeka, ukuma, kanye nohlobo lomthombo wokushisa. Uma kukhulunywa ngamapulasitiki, kungenzeka ukuthi ekubunjweni komusi kukhona amagesi anobuthi, okungaba yingozi kubantu. Ngokusebenzisa ukushisa ngaphandle kokuthinta umoya, lolu hlobo lukaphethiloli lungatholakala.
Izibonelo Zamafutha Aqinile
| Izinkuni | I-Aluminium |
| Iphepha | Amalahle |
| Izindwangu | AmaTars |
| Peat | I-Lignite |
| Amapulasitiki | Uphethiloli |
| Magnesium | Igesi yemvelo |
| I-Anthracite | Ugesi oketshezi |
| Sodium | Imicu yezindwangu |
| ILithium | Izihlukanisi |
| Potassium | Izinkuni zokubasa |
I- okokubasa okungamanzi yilezo ezisezingeni lokushisa elicindezelekile kanye nengcindezi isimo ketshezi. Banempahla okungukuthi i-flashpoint, lelo phuzu lapho bakhiqiza khona inani elanele lomhwamuko ukuze ngaphambi komthombo wokushisa ubhebhethekise futhi ubhebhe: ngale ndlela, okushisayo akulona uketshezi uqobo kodwa yimiphunga yalo.
Njengazo zonke iziphuzo, ine ukushisa okuncibilikayo nokushisa okuhwamukayo. Amanzi angaba yingozi lapho i-flash point yawo iphansi kakhulu, ngakho-ke kufanele igcinwe ngokunakekelwa ngokweqile maqondana nezimo ezivezwe kuzo.
Izibonelo Zoketshezi Luketshezi
| UHexane | Izinhlaka |
| I-chlorine propane | I-Methylcyclopentane |
| Isopropenyl acetate | I-Acetaldehyde |
| Izibulala-zinambuzane | Isobutylaldehyde |
| Imethyl acetate | I-ether yesulfuric |
| I-butyl nitrite | I-petroleum ether |
| Amafutha kaRosin | I-ethyl acetate |
| Ugesi oketshezi | Itiyela eliketshezi |
| I-Dichlorethylene | Amafutha |
| Butene | Ama-Rubber |
I- okubasayo bayabizwa ama-hydrocarbon wemvelo, kanye nalezo ezikhiqizelwa kuphela ukusetshenziswa njengophethiloli noma izinsalela zeminye imikhiqizo yezimboni ezingasetshenziswa njenge- okokubasa.
Inhlanganisela enento eyenza umlilo ube lula, futhi inqubo iyashesha, kodwa hhayi ngokushesha: isikhathi sokuxuba siyadingeka ukwenza lula ukusabela. Amagesi nawo ane- ukushisa kokushisa nemikhawulo ethile yokusha kwayo. Ngokungafani namacala wangaphambilini, awekho amafutha amaningi asetshenziswayo namuhla.
Izibonelo Zamafutha Wegesi
- Igesi yemvelo, ekhishwe emikhakheni yegesi engaphansi komhlaba.
- Igesi lamalahle, igesi yamalahle enzelwe ukukhiqiza igesi ‘yohlobo lwamapayipi’.
- Ukuqhuma kwesithando somlilo, kukhiqizwa ukusebenzisana kwe-limestone, i-iron ore ne-carbon kumafutha wokuqhuma.
- Igesi kaphethiloli, inhlanganisela yamagesi ancibilikile afana nepropane noma ibutane.
