-Delile
I-ugesi kagesi Yigatsha le-physics elisondela emkhakheni kagesi kanye nozibuthe ovela kumbono ohlanganisayo, ukwakha enye yamandla amane ayisisekelo omhlaba wonke aziwa kuze kube manje: i-electromagnetism. Amanye amandla ayisisekelo (noma ukuxhumana okuyisisekelo) amandla adonsela phansi kanye nokuhlangana okuqinile futhi okubuthakathaka kwenuzi.
Lokho kwe-electromagnetism kuyinkolelo yasensimini, okungukuthi, isuselwa kubukhulu bomzimba i-vector noma umshushisi, okuncike kusikhundla esikhaleni nesikhathi. Kususelwa kwizibalo ezine zokuhlukaniswa kwevector (okwenziwe nguMichael Faraday futhi kwenziwa okokuqala nguJames Clerk Maxwell, yingakho babhabhadiswa njengo Izibalo zikaMaxwell) evumela ukutadisha ngokuhlanganyela kwezinkambu zikagesi nezikagesi, kanye namandla kagesi, ukuhlukaniswa ngogesi nokwehlukaniswa kukazibuthe.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, i-electromagnetism iyinkolelo enkulu.Lokhu kusho ukuthi icwaninga ngezimo ezinkulu ezisebenza ngogesi, ezisebenza ezinombolweni ezinkulu zezinhlayiya namabanga amakhulu, ngoba emazingeni e-athomu nawamangqamuzana ingena kwesinye isiyalo, esaziwa njengemishini ye-quantum.
Noma kunjalo, ngemuva kwenguquko ye-quantum yekhulu lamashumi amabili, kwenziwa ukufunwa kwe-quantum theory yokuxhumana kwe-electromagnetic, ngaleyo ndlela kwavela i-quantum electrodynamics.
- Bheka futhi: Izinto ezimbaxayo
Izindawo zesicelo se-Electromagnetism
Lo mkhakha we-physics ubungukhiye ekuthuthukiseni imikhakha eminingi nobuchwepheshe, ikakhulukazi ubunjiniyela kanye ne-elekthronikhi, kanye nokugcinwa kukagesi kanye nokusetshenziswa kwawo ezindaweni zezempilo, ezokundiza emoyeni noma ezokwakha.
Lokho okubizwa nge-Second Industrial Revolution noma i-Technological Revolution bekungeke kwenzeke ngaphandle kokunqotshwa kukagesi kanye ne-electromagnetism.
Izibonelo zezicelo ze-electromagnetism
- Izitembu. Indlela esebenza ngayo la magajethi ansuku zonke ifaka phakathi ukushaja kwenkokhiso kagesi nge-electromagnet, enamandla kazibuthe ayo aheha isando esincane sensimbi maqondana nensimbi, aphazamise isekethe ayivumele ukuthi iqale phansi, ngakho-ke isando siyasishaya siphindelela futhi sikhiphe umsindo udonsa ukunaka kwethu.
- Izitimela zokumiswa kazibuthe. Esikhundleni sokugingqika kojantshi njengezitimela ezivamile, le modeli yesitimela esinobuchwepheshe obuningi ibanjelwa ku-magnetic levitation ngenxa yamagesi anamandla afakwe engxenyeni engezansi. Ngakho-ke, ukwenyanya kukagesi phakathi komazibuthe nensimbi yengxenyekazi okugibela kuyo isitimela kugcina isisindo semoto emoyeni.
- Ama-transformer kagesi. Isiguquli, lawo madivayisi we-cylindrical kwamanye amazwe esiwabona kolayini bamandla, asebenzela ukulawula (ukukhulisa noma ukunciphisa) amandla wamandla ashintshanayo. Benza lokhu ngamakhoyili ahlelwe azungeze umnyombo wensimbi, amasimu awo kagesi avumela ukuqina kwamanje okuphumayo ukuthi kulungiswe.
- Izinjini zikagesi. Ama-motors kagesi yimishini kagesi okuthi, ngokuzungeza i-eksisi, iguqule amandla kagesi abe amandla kagesi. La mandla yiwona akhiqiza ukuhamba kweselula. Ukusebenza kwayo kusekelwe emandleni kagesi kagesi wokuheha nawokubuyisa phakathi kukazibuthe nekhoyili lapho kuzungeza khona ugesi.
- Dynamos. Lawa madivayisi asetshenziselwa ukusizakala ngokushintshana kwamasondo emoto, njengemoto, ukuzungezisa uzibuthe nokukhiqiza amandla kazibuthe afuthisa okushintshana njengamanje namakhoyili.
- Ucingo. Umlingo ongemuva kwale divayisi yansuku zonke awukho omunye ngaphandle kwekhono lokuguqula amaza omsindo (anjengezwi) abe ukuguquguquka kwensimu ye-electromagnetic engadluliselwa, ekuqaleni ngentambo, kumamukeli ngakolunye uhlangothi okwazi ukuthulula ukucubungula nokubuyisa amaza omsindo aqukethe ugesi.
- Ovini bemicrowave. Le mishini isebenza kusuka ekukhiqizeni nasekugxileni kwamagagasi kagesi ekudleni. La magagasi ayafana nalawo asetshenziselwa ukuxhumana nomsakazo, kepha ngemvamisa ephezulu ezungeza ama-diplode (izinhlayiya kazibuthe) zokudla ngejubane eliphakeme kakhulu, njengoba zizama ukuzivumelanisa namandla kazibuthe avelayo. Le nhlangano iyona edala ukushisa.
- Ukucabanga kwe-Magnetic resonance (MRI). Lokhu kusebenza kwezokwelapha kwe-electromagnetism kube yintuthuko engakaze ibonwe ezindabeni zezempilo, ngoba ivumela ukuhlola ngendlela engonakalisi ingaphakathi lomzimba wezidalwa eziphilayo, kusukela ekuphathweni kwamandla kagesi kwama-athomu e-hydrogen akulo, ukukhiqiza insimu ihumusheka ngamakhompyutha akhethekile.
- Imakrofoni Lawa madivayisi ajwayelekile namuhla asebenza ngenxa yedayagramu edonswa ugesi, ozwela kumaza omsindo awavumela ukuba ahunyushelwe kusiginali kagesi. Lokhu kungadluliselwa futhi kususwe ukubethela kude, noma kugcinwe futhi kukhiqizwe ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.
- Ama-spectrometer eMisa. Kuyithuluzi elivumela ukwakheka kwamakhemikhali athile okuhlaziya ukuthi acutshungulwe ngokunemba okukhulu, ngokususelwa kukwehlukaniswa kazibuthe kwama-athomu aziqambayo, ngokusebenzisa i-ionization yawo nokufundwa yikhompyutha ekhethekile.
- Ama-Oscilloscopes. Izinsimbi ze-elekthronikhi ezinhloso yazo ukumelela imidwebo kagesi ngokuhlukahluka ngesikhathi, zivela kumthombo othile. Ukuze benze lokhu, basebenzisa i-axis yokuxhumanisa esikrinini imigqa yayo ingumkhiqizo wesilinganiso sezilinganiso ezivela kusiginali kagesi enqunyiwe. Asetshenziswa kwezokwelapha ukukala imisebenzi yenhliziyo, ubuchopho, noma ezinye izitho.
- Amakhadi kazibuthe. Lobu buchwepheshe buvumela ukuba khona kwamakhadi esikweletu noma asebhange, ane-magnetic tape ehlukaniswe ngandlela thile, ukuze abethele imininingwane ngokuya ngomumo wezinhlayiya zayo ze-ferromagnetic. Ngokwethula ulwazi kuzo, amadivayisi aqokiwe ahlukanisa izinhlayiya ngendlela ethile, ukuze lelo oda lingahle "lifundwe" ukuthola imininingwane.
- Isitoreji sedijithali kumateyipu kazibuthe. Ukhiye emhlabeni wekhompyutha namakhompiyutha, kuvumela ukugcina ulwazi oluningi kumadiski kazibuthe anezinhlayiya zawo ezihlukaniswe ngandlela thile futhi angachazwa ngohlelo lwekhompyutha. Lawa madiski angasuswa, njengamapeni wokushayela noma amadiski e-floppy manje angasebenzi, noma angahlala unomphela futhi abe yinkimbinkimbi ngokwengeziwe, njengamadrayivu anzima.
- Imigqomo kazibuthe. Le modeli yesitoreji sedatha, eyayithandwa kuma-1950s naku-1960s, yayingenye yezindlela zokuqala zokugcina idatha kazibuthe. Siyisilinda sensimbi esingenalutho esizungeza ngesivinini esikhulu, sizungezwe ngezinto zikazibuthe (i-iron oxide) lapho imininingwane iphrintwa khona ngohlelo lokuhlukaniswa ngamakhodi olunekhodi. Ngokungafani nama-disc, yayingenayo inhloko yokufunda futhi lokho kwakuyivumela ukuba kube nokugijima okuthile ekutholeni imininingwane.
- Izibani zebhayisikili. Izibani ezakhelwe ngaphambili kwamabhayisikili, ezikhanyisayo lapho kuhanjwa, zisebenza ngokushintshana kwesondo okunamathiselwe kulo uzibuthe, ukuzungeza kwalo kukhiqiza amandla kazibuthe ngakho-ke kungumthombo onesizotha wokushintshanisa ugesi. Le nkokhiso kagesi bese iqhutshelwa kuglobhu bese ihunyushelwa ekukhanyeni.
- Qhubeka: Izicelo zethusi
