-Delile
- Izici zamakhemikhali
- Ngabe ikhishwe kuphi?
- Aluminium ukucutshungulwa
- Ukusetshenziswa kwe-aluminium
- Esimeme
I- i-aluminium Iyingxenye yesithathu yamakhemikhali amaningi kakhulu emhlabeni, futhi yenza cishe u-7% wobukhulu bayo. Imayelana ne- insimbi emhlophe nesiliva, ebonakala ngokumelana nokugqwala.
Yatholwa ekuqaleni kwekhulu le-19, ngusosayensi waseJalimane uFriedrich Wohler owakwazi ukuyihlukanisa ngendlela yayo emsulwa, ethola isici esikude esilula kakhulu, nensimbi yesibili ebunjiwe engcono kunazo zonke ekhona.
Izici zamakhemikhali
Njengoba kushiwo, i-aluminium ingeyeqembu le- izinsimbi, okuvame ukuba ithambile nokwethula amaphuzu ancibilika aphansi. Umbuso we-aluminium (onophawu lwamakhemikhali u-Al) uqinile esimweni semvelo, futhi unendawo yokuncibilika ka-933.47 degrees Kelvin (661.32 degrees Celsius) nendawo yokubilisa engu-2792 degrees Kelvin (2519, 85 degrees Celsius).
Futhi: Izibonelo zezinto zokwakha nezakhiwo zazo
Ngabe ikhishwe kuphi?
I-Aluminium, into ebaluleke kakhulu futhi ewusizo ekukhiqizweni kwabantu, Ikhishwa kakhulu ku-bauxite okuwuhlobo lobumba Iningi emazweni athile njenge-United States.
Lo mbuzo wokukhishwa ubalulekile ngoba, yize i-aluminium iyinto ejwayelekile kakhulu emvelweni, ayikaze yethulwe mahhala kepha ikwenza lokho ngokuhlangana. Yingakho ingxenye enkulu ye-aluminium esemhlabeni (imvamisa etholakala emadwaleni) ingeke ikhishwe noma isetshenziselwe ukukhiqizwa.
Bhekafuthi:
- Uthathwa kuphi uwoyela?
- Litholakalaphi igolide?
- Ikhishwa kuphi insimbi?
- Utholwa kuphi umtholi?
Aluminium ukucutshungulwa
Izinhlobo ezimbili zokucubungula izimboni zivame ukuhlukaniswa ukuthola i-aluminium:
- Inqubo yeBayerInqubo iqala ngokugaya i-bauxite, bese uyiphatha nge-lime (CaO) eshisayo. Izinto ezijiyile, okuyisihlabathi, zehlukaniswe nale nqubo, kushiya ingxube evunyelwe ukuthi ipholile kuze kube nezulu eliqinile. Lesi siqinile sihlanganiswe namanzi futhi sibalwa, ngendlela yokuthi kutholakale i-aluminium uqobo.
- Inqubo yeHall-Héroult: Lapha okwenziwayo ukunciphisa i-Aluminium cation enama-ions ama-3 amahle iye kolunye olungabizi mali. Okwenziwe ukudlula kwamandla kagesi ngeseli lokuphendula, okudinga ukuncibilikisa i-aluminium exutshwe nomoya-mpilo. Kwesinye isikhathi kuxubaniswa ne-cryolite ukuze izinga lokushisa elincibilikayo liphansi, ukuze ungadingi ophendulayo abasebenza ngokushisa okuphezulu kangako ukuthola i-aluminium.
Ukusetshenziswa kwe-aluminium
Iyini i-aluminium? Ukubaluleka kokuthola i-aluminium kungaqinisekiswa enanini elikhulu lokusetshenziswa lesi sici esinaso embonini:
- Isetshenziselwa ukwenza inani elikhulu le- amathini futhi ucwecwe, ejwayelekile ekupakisheni.
- Ukwenziwa kwe izinhlamvu zemali izikhathi eziningi zisebenzisa i-aluminium.
- I-Aluminium yengezwe ku uphethiloli wezindiza.
- Okuningi kwe- iklabishi yamadolobha yenziwa nge-aluminium.
- Izinti ze- izikebhe zokuhamba ngomkhumbi ngokuvamile zenziwe nge-aluminium.
- I- izinto zasendlini cishe ngaso sonke isikhathi zenziwe nge-aluminium.
- Izinto zokuhamba zinesilinganiso esikhulu se-aluminium, phakathi kwazo kukhona izimoto, izindiza, amaloli, izitimela, izikebhe namabhayisikili.
- Umthamo wokumunca ukushisa wenza i-aluminium isetshenziswe kufayela le- elekthronikhiukugwema ukushisa ngokweqile.
- I- amalambu emigwaqo zivame ukwenziwa ngale nto
- Kuhlelo Ukwelashwa kwamanzi i-aluminium ivame ukubandakanyeka.
Esimeme
Ukubaluleka okuningi kwe-aluminium kungukubekwa okuqhubekayo, ngoba ukugcina amazinga wamanje okukhiqiza (noma ukukhula ngezinga ebekade ekwenza), kulinganiselwa ukuthi izinqolobane ezaziwa nge-bauxite zizohlala amakhulu eminyaka. Ngaphezu kwalokho, cishe yonke imikhiqizo ye-aluminium ingaphinda isetshenziswe kabusha ukukhiqiza imikhiqizo emisha, ngaphandle kokulahlekelwa yikhwalithi yensimbi nezakhiwo zayo.
