-Delile
I-ama-hydroxide umphumela wokuhlanganiswa kwe- i-oxide yensimbi (obizwa nangokuthi ama-oxide ayisisekelo) namanzi. Ngale ndlela, ukwakheka kwama-hydroxide kunikezwa ngezinto ezintathu: i-oxygen, i-hydrogen nensimbi okukhulunywa ngayo. Ngokuhlanganiswa, insimbi ihlala isebenza njenge cation futhi iqembu le-hydroxide element lisebenza njenge-anion.
Ama-Hydroxides ngokujwayelekile abelana ngezici eziningi, njengokuthambekela okumunyu njengensipho, ukushelela lapho uthinta, ukubola, ukuba nezinto zokuwasha nezinsipho, ukuncibilikisa uwoyela nesibabule, nokuphendula ngama-asidi ukukhiqiza usawoti.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ezinye izici ziqondene nohlobo ngalunye lwe-hydroxide, njenge-sodium, emunca ngokushesha isikhutha namanzi; leyo ye-calcium etholakala ekuphenduleni kwe-calcium oxide ngamanzi; noma i-iron (II) cishe engancibiliki emanzini.
Zisetshenziselwani?
Ukusetshenziswa kwama-hydroxide nakho kuyahluka phakathi kwamacala ahlukene:
- I- i-sodium hydroxide, isibonelo, kuhlotshaniswa nomkhakha wezinsipho nobuhle nemikhiqizo yokunakekelwa komzimba.
- I- i-calcium hydroxideNgokwengxenye yayo, inendima yabalamuli kwezinye izinqubo njengokuthola i-sodium carbonate.
- I- i-lithium hydroxide Isetshenziselwa ukwenziwa kwezinto zobumba, kuyilapho i-magnesium isetshenziswa njenge-antacid noma i-laxative.
- I- i-iron hydroxide Zisetshenziselwa inqubo yokufaka umquba ezitshalweni.
Amagama wesibongo
Ngokuqondene nenhlanganisela eminingi yamakhemikhali, kukhona amagama ahlukile wama-hydroxide:
- I- isibizo sendabukoisibonelo kube nguyena ophethe i-valence ephezulu 'ephela' ibhere futhi kube nokugcina okuncane ngo-'ico ', futhi uma kusebenza ngama-valence amathathu noma amane, ukuqala' hiccup 'noma' ngamunye 'kuzokwengezwa njengoba kwenzeka kube.
- I- Igama lesitoko yilona osebenzisa igama i-hydroxide, kepha esikhundleni sokugcwalisa ngegama elilodwa, lisebenzisa isabizwana 'sika' bese kuba insimbi, lifaka ama-valence kuma-parentheses.
- I- isibizo esihleliwe nguyena onamathisela iziqalo zamanani egameni elithi i-hydroxide.
Izibonelo zama-hydroxide
- Ukuhola (II) i-hydroxide, Pb (OH)2, iholele i-dihydroxide.
- I-Platinum (IV) i-hydroxide, i-Pt (OH)4, i-platinum quadhydroxide.
- I-Vanadic hydroxide, V (OH)4, i-vanadium tetrahydroxide.
- Idoyelo hydroxide, Fe (OH)2, i-dihydroxide yensimbi.
- I-lead (IV) i-hydroxide, i-Pb (OH) 4, ihola i-tetrahydroxide.
- I-Silver hydroxide, i-AgOH, i-hydroxide yesiliva.
- I-Cobalt Hydroxide, Co (OH)2, i-cobalt dihydroxide.
- I-Manganese hydroxide, Mn (OH)3, i-manganese trihydroxide.
- I-Ferric hydroxide, Fe (OH)3, i-iron trihydroxide.
- I-Cupric hydroxide, Cu (OH)2, ithusi dihydroxide.
- I-Aluminium hydroxide, Al (OH)3, i-aluminium i-trihydroxide.
- I-sodium hydroxide, i-NaOH, i-sodium hydroxide.
- I-Strontium hydroxide, Sr (OH)2, i-strontium dihydroxide.
- I-Magnesium hydroxide, Mg (OH)2, i-magnesium dihydroxide.
- Ammonium hydroxide, NH4OH, i-ammonium hydroxide.
- I-Cadmium hydroxide, Cd (OH)2, i-cadmium dihydroxide.
- I-Vanadic hydroxide, V (OH)3, i-vanadium trihydroxide.
- IMercuric hydroxide, Hg (OH)2, i-mercury dihydroxide.
- I-Cuprous hydroxide, i-CuOH, i-hydroxide yethusi.
- I-lithium hydroxide, i-LiOH, i-lithium hydroxide.
Kwesinye isikhathi, ama-hydroxide anamagama ajwayelekile anikezwa ukusetshenziswa kwawo okujwayelekile, njenge-sodium hydroxide ebizwa nangokuthi i-caustic soda, i-potassium hydroxide ebizwa nge-caustic potash, i-calcium hydroxide ebizwa ngamanzi we-lime noma i-lime icishiwe, kanti i-magnesium ibizwa ngokuthi ubisi lwe magnesia.
- Landela nge: Izibonelo zama-hydroxide (kuchaziwe)
