-Delile
Okwe chemistry, a ingxube Kuyisethi yezinto ezihlanzekile ezimbili noma ngaphezulu ezihlangana ngaphandle kokushintsha amakhemikhali.Ngalesi sizathu, kungenzeka ukuhlukanisa izingxenye ezahlukahlukene zemixube usebenzisa izinqubo ezijwayelekile zomzimba, njenge ukuhlunga igagasi ziphuzo zazihluzwa.
Emvelweni kunezingxube eziningi, esisebenzisana nazo nsuku zonke. Enye yazo yi- umoya esiphefumulayo, esakhiwa ikakhulu ngama-molecule enitrogen ne-oxygen, yize nawo aqukethe okunye izintonjenge-carbon dioxide, umusi wamanzi, njll. I- amanzi olwandle nawo ayingxube, ngoba siyazi ukuthi liqukethe Usawoti wamaminerali, izinto eziphilayo ngokumiswa nezidalwa eziphilayo, phakathi kokunye.
- Bhekafuthi: Izingxube ezifanayo
Izinhlobo zemixube
- Izingxube ezifanayo: Kulezi zinhlanganisela akunakwenzeka ukuhlukanisa izingxenye zazo ngeso lenyama futhi hhayi ngaphansi kwesibonakhulu, okungukuthi, izingxube ezifanayo Izingxube ezifanayo izixazululo noma izixazululo.
- Izingxube ezi-Heterogeneous: Lezi zingxube ziveza okokuyeka okudala ukwakheka kwezigaba ezahlukanisayo, ngokuvamile, ngeso lenyama.
Kubalulekile ukuthi kucace ukuthi izinhlanganisela azivezi ukusabela kwamakhemikhali phakathi kwezinto ezihlanganisiwe. Ukuhlaziywa kwenhlanganisela kungenziwa ngokulingana noma ngobuningi:
- Okufanelekile: Kuzoba nentshisekelo ukukhomba ukuthi iziphi izinto ezikhona engxenyeni.
- Okulinganiselwe: Kuzoba mnandi ukwazi ubuningi noma isilinganiso lapho kutholakala khona lezi zinto.
I- Izingxube ezifanayo Kungenzeka ketshezi, gaseous noma okuqinile. Njalo lowo onquma isimo sokugcina senhlanganisela yi-solvent, hhayi i-solute.
Isibonelo, lapho umuntu encibilikisa usawoti wetafula (a okuqinile) emanzini (a ketshezi), ingxube evelayo iyamanzi. Kulokhu, uma umuntu ehamba shabalala wonke amanzi, ubungathola usawoti owaqala wancibilika. Uma uhlanganisa isihlabathi namanzi, ngakolunye uhlangothi, uzothola ingxube enkulu. Isihlabathi sizovama ukwakha ungqimba ezansi kwesitsha.
Abanye Izindlela zeukuhlukaniswa kwemixube yibo ukulahla, crystallization, i-centrifugation igagasi chromatography epuletini elincanyana. Zonke lezi zinqubo zilusizo kakhulu kumalabhorethri ocwaningo.
Buka: Imininingwane Ngokuhlukaniswa Kwemixube
Izingxube ezithile
- Izibonelo zezingxube zegesi
- Izibonelo zezingxube zegesi ezinamanzi
- Izibonelo zezingxube zegesi ezinama-Solids
- Izibonelo zezingxube zezinto eziqinile ezinamanzi
Izibonelo zemixube
Izingxube ezingamashumi amabili zibalwe ngezansi, ngokwesibonelo (kufaka phakathi ukufana futhi okungafani):
- Isoda yokubhaka emanzini - lena inhlanganisela yohlobo olufanayo, enokusetshenziswa okwehlukahlukene kwezokwelapha nokupheka.
- Amanzi olwandle - Noma ekuboneni kuqala kubukeka njengokufana, kuyingxubevange enkulu, imvamisa imise izinhlayiya futhi ukwakheka kwayo kuyahlukahluka kakhulu. Ingxenye yayo eyinhloko i-sodium chloride (eyinikeza isici sayo sosawoti), kodwa futhi iqukethe nosawoti abavame ukusetshenziswa kuzimonyo, embonini yamakhemikhali, njll.
- Ukuhlanganiswa kwamafutha okupheka - Yilokhu okwenza uwoyela owenziwe ngezinhlobo ezingaphezu kweyodwa ze-oleaginous ubizwa kanjena; ingxube evame kakhulu leyo kawoyela we-sunflower nommbila. Bakha ingxube efanayo.
- Igazi - kuyingxubevange enkulu kakhulu eyenziwe nge-plasma, amaseli, i-hemoglobin nezinye izinto eziningi.
- Insipho yangasese - futhi iyingxubevange enkulu, itholakala ngokuhlanganisa usawoti wamakhemikhali anamafutha acid anezinto zokunambitha, imibala, i-glycerin, njll.
- Phansi - lokhu kuyingxube enkulu kakhulu, iqukethe izinhlayiya amaminerali, izinto eziphilayo, ama-microorganisms, umoya, amanzi, izinambuzane, izimpande nokuningi.
- Ubhiya
- Isiraphu yokukhwehlela - Isiraphu ngokuvamile ukumiswa (uhlobo lwengxubevange enkulu), nezinhlayiya ezincane ezingancibiliki ngokuphelele, lapho kunezelwa khona izinto ezinjenge-thickeners, colorants, njll.
- Amanzi ngesihlabathi - ingxubevange enkulu, isihlabathi siyancipha futhi sihlukane sakhe isigaba esiphansi.
- Ikhofi noshukela - Uma kuyikhofi encibilikayo, izoba nenhlanganisela efanayo, noshukela oncibilike kuyo.
- Umuthi wokugeza emanzini - imvamisa lokhu kuyi-emulsion, ngakho-ke ingxube enkulu.
- I-bleach ehlanjululisiwe - Kuyingxubevange efananayo esetshenziselwa kakhulu ukuhlanza nokubulala amagciwane, futhi njenge-bleach. Le nhlanganisela iqukethe i-chlorine esebenzayo.
- Utshwala okwelapha - ingxube ehambelana ne-ethanol emanzini, ukugxila kwayo kuvame ukuvezwa ngamazinga (okuvame kakhulu utshwala 96 °)
- I-tincture ye-iodine - isetshenziswe njengesibulala-magciwane
- Ithusi - Yinhlanganisela yethusi nethini, ebizwa ngokuthi ingxubevange, ehlanganisa izakhiwo zalezi zinto.
- Imayonnaise - ingxube yamaqanda, uwoyela nezinye izinto.
- Usimende - Inhlanganisela yelimestone nobumba, inesici sokubeka noma ukuqina lapho uthinta amanzi, yingakho isetshenziswa ekwakhiweni.
- Idayi yezinwele
- Amafutha wesicathulo
- Ubisi
Imininingwane engaphezulu?
- Izingxube ezihambisanayo nezingafani
- Yimiphi imixube ehambisanayo?
- Yimiphi imixube engafani?
