I- amakhemikhali Kuyisayensi efunda ukwakheka nokuguqulwa okungenzeka kube nendaba, nganoma yiluphi uhlobo lwayo. Enye yezindawo ezibaluleke kakhulu zokufunda ekhemistry yilezi ze amagesi, njengoba kudingeka ukwenza ukuhlaziywa kokuziphatha kwabo eMhlabeni.
Amagesi, njengoba kuhloswe ngaso sonke isiyalo, kufanele achazwe ngokusebenzisa izibalo nezinye izinto zezibalo nezibalo, okuthi noma kunjalo zihluke ngokuya ngohlobo lwegesi nezimo ezizungezile. Ngenxa yobulukhuni balezi zibalo, usokhemisi uJan van Helmont (yena ofanayo owaqamba umqondo wegesi) wakha umthetho odumile, ohlanganisa ukuthambekela kokuziphatha kwegesi, ebudlelwaneni bayo phakathi kwamandla kinetic nokushisa.
I- Umthetho kaVan HelmontEnguqulweni yayo elula, ikhombisa ukuthi ekushiseni okungaguquki ivolumu yesisindo esinqunyiwe segesi ilingana ngokungafani nengcindezi enayo: P V V k njalo. Kodwa-ke, njenganoma yimuphi umnikelo wesayensi, kumele ikwazi ukuhlanganiswa futhi kuqinisekiswe ukuthembeka kwayo, okwatholakala ukuthi akunjalo kuzo zonke izimo.
Isiphetho esafinyelelwa ukuthi akukhona ukuthi uMthetho wawungalungile, kodwa lokho ibisebenza kuphela igesi ethiyori, ukuqagela kwegesi lapho ama-molecule angawi phakathi kwawo, ihlala inenani elifanayo lama-molecule ahlala ngevolumu efanayo ezimeni ezifanayo zengcindezi nezinga lokushisa, futhi ayinamandla ahehayo noma anyanyekayo.
I- igesi ekahle, yize ingameleli igesi ekhona ngempela, iyi- ithuluzi lokwenza inani elikhulu lezibalo zezibalo.
I- ukulingana okujwayelekile kwamagesi afaneleNgaphezu kwalokho, kubangelwa ukuhlanganiswa kweminye imithetho emibili eyisisekelo yamakhemikhali, nawo acabanga ukuthi amagesi ahlangabezana nezici zamagesi afanele. Umthetho kaBoyle-Mariotte ulandisa umthamo nengcindezi yenani legesi lapho kushisa njalo, njengoba ilingana kakhulu. UMthetho kaCharles - Gay Lussac uhlobanisa ivolumu nezinga lokushisa, ubona ukuthi alingana ngqo nengcindezi engapheli.
Akunakwenzeka ukudala ifayela le- uhlu lukakhonkolo lwamagesi afanele, ngoba njengoba kushiwo kuhlukile igesi yokucabanga. Uma ungabhala iqoqo lamagesi (kufaka phakathi amagesi amahle) ukwelashwa kwawo okungafana nalokho kwamagesi afanele, ngoba izici ziyafana, inqobo nje uma isimo sengcindezi namazinga okushisa kuvamile.
- I-nitrogen
- Oxygen
- I-Hydrogen
- Isikhutha
- I-Helium
- UNeon
- I-Argon
- IKrypton
- Xenon
- URadon
I- amagesi angempela ziphikisana nezinjongo, lezo ezinokuziphatha kwe-thermodynamic futhi ngenxa yalesi sizathu azilandeli ukulingana okufanayo kombuso njengamagesi afanele. Ekucindezelekeni okuphezulu nasekushiseni okuphansi, amagesi kufanele nakanjani athathwe njengawangempela. Kuleso simo igesi kuthiwa isesimweni sokuxinana okukhulu.
I- umehluko omkhulu phakathi kwegesi efanelekile negesi langempela ukuthi lokhu kwamuva akunakucindezelwa unomphela, kepha amandla okucindezela ayo ahlobene nengcindezi namazinga okushisa.
I- amagesi angempela futhi bane-equation yombuso echaza indlela abaziphethe ngayo, okuyiyona enikezwe yi UVan der waals ngo-1873. Isibalo sinokubonakala okuphezulu ngokwanele ngaphansi kwezimo zengcindezi ephansi, futhi siguqula ukulingana okuhle kwegesi ngezinga elithile: P * V = n * R * T, lapho n inani lezimvukuzane zegesi, futhi R okuhlala kubizwa ngokuthi 'igesi engapheli'.
Amagesi angaziphathi ngokufana namagesi afanele abizwa ngamagesi angempela. Uhlu olulandelayo lukhombisa izibonelo zala magesi, yize ungangeza nalawo asevele efakwe kuhlu njengamagesi afanele, kepha kulokhu kumongo wengcindezi ephezulu kanye / noma nokushisa okuphansi.
- I-Amoniya
- IMethane
- Ethane
- U-Ethene
- I-Propane
- Butane
- IPentane
- I-Benzene
