I- alkynes noma ama-hydrocarbon acetylenic kukhona ama-hydrocarbon abonakala ngokuba khona kwe-carbon-carbon bond kathathu. Ama-alkynes angewona ama-cyclic aphendula kwifomula yamangqamuzana CnH2n-2. Banesilinganiso sokusungulwa esiphakeme kakhulu kunaleso se-alkenes.
Phakathi kwezici zamakhemikhali ze- alkynes kuqokomisa iqiniso lokuthi zikhona ama-polarity compounds aphansi, ngakho-ke akunakunyibilika emanzini, kodwa incibilika kahle kumakhemikhali awuketshezi avamile anjenge-ether, i-benzene, noma i-carbon tetrachloride.
I-amaphuzu abilayo futhi ancibilikayo Ama-alkynes afana kakhulu nalawo ama-alkanes noma ama-alkenes enombolo elinganayo yekhabhoni. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, umphumela kulezi zingqinamba zomzimba, onenani lamakhaboni kanye nokuba khona kwamagatsha kuketanga (okushintsha ohlangothini olufanayo), kuyabonakala kakhulu.
I-alkyne elula kunazo zonke acetylene, balandela i- i-propylene (noma ithiphu) kanye ne- butino, okungaba yi-1-butyne (isibopho esiphindwe kathathu ekugcineni kwe-molecule) noma i-2-butyne (isibopho esiphindwe kathathu enkabeni yemolekyuli). Lezi ezintathu zikhona amagesi; labo abanesibalo esiphezulu sama-athomu ekhabhoni uketshezi noma okuqinile.
Ngokufana nama-alkenes, izibopho eziphindwe kathathu ezibonisa ama-alkynes zibanikeza ukusebenza okukhulu kwamakhemikhali lezi zinto futhi zibenza bathambekele kakhulu ekutholakaleni ukusabela (i-hydrogen, ama-halogen, amanzi, njll.) nezinye. Kodwa-ke, izibopho ezintathu ezijoyina i-athomu eyodwa yekhabhoni nenye azilingani: eyodwa yazo (ebizwa ngokuthi yi-sigma bond) inamandla futhi isebenza njengoyena obhekele inyunyana. Ukuhlanganiswa okuvelayo kungenzeka ukuthi kube nezibopho eziphindwe kabili noma izibopho ezilodwa kuphela.
Izinhlanganisela ezinesibopho esiphindwe kathathu kolunye lwechungechunge zibizwa ama-alkynes wokugcina; lezi zinhlanganisela zibonakaliswa yi-asidi yazo emakiwe. Eqinisweni, ama-alkynes wokugcina angama-hydrocarbon alula kakhulu. Ubude obuphakathi kwama-athomu ekhabhoni esibophweni ngama-1.20 amstrong (noma amafushane kunalawo ama-alkenes -1.34 amstrongs-- nalawo ama-alkanes -1.54 amstrongs─). Amabhondi e-carbon-carbon angashadile, aphindwe kabili kathathu angahlala ku-molecule efanayo. Uma lokhu kwenzeka, i-hydrocarbon ibizwa ngokuthi i-alkyne futhi isikhundla sebhondi ephindwe kabili sikhonjiswa ngesiphetho "ene", siyifaka lapho kufanele khona
Izibonelo zama-alkynes zibalwe ngezansi:
- i-ethyne (i-acetylene)
- ithiphu
- 2- ipentini
- 2-butyne
- 1-butyne
- Okthoba 3
- 2-nonino
- Imethyl acetylene
- I-Ethyl acetylene
- 1-ene-4-hexyne
- I-Propyl acetylene
- I-Terbutyl acetylene
- 6,6-diethyl-4-noniino
- 5,6-dimethyl-3-heptin
- 3,3-diethyl-3,5-nonadiino
- cyclobutine
- 3-ethyl -5-ethynylhepta-1,6-diino
- 5-methyl-2-hexyne
- 3,5,7-decatriino
- I-6-methyl-2,4-heptadiino
