-Delile
I-ukuqinisa inqubo ebonakalayo eholela ezintweni ezivela ku- isimo ketshezi okwamanje isimo esiqinile, ngokuguqula izimo zabo ze izinga lokushisa (ukuqandisa) noma ingcindezi, noma ngokulahlekelwa umswakama kusuka ukuhwamuka (ukunqunywa). Kuyinqubo ebuyela emuva ye- ukuhlanganiswa.
Ukuqiniswa kudlula kulezi zigaba ezilandelayo:
- Isimo soketshezi. Izinhlayiya zayo ziqukethe amandla amaningi futhi zisesimweni sokuhamba okuphezulu.
- Ukubukeka kwe-nuclei eqinile kuketshezi, njengamakristalu noma ukuqina okuqinile okuqukethwe kokuqukethwe.
- Ukubukeka kwama-dendrites kuketshezi: imigqa eqinile ehlanganisa i-nuclei futhi ekhombisa ukuvela kwamabhulokhi aqinile noma aqinile.
- Ukubukeka kwezinhlamvu eziqinile nokulahleka okulandelayo kokuhamba kwezinhlayiya, okuholela ekuqiniseni ketshezi.
Ingakusebenzela: Izibonelo Zokuqiniswa, Ukuhlanganiswa, Ukuhwamuka, Ukuncishiswa Kwezinga Lokushisa kanye Nokuqina
Izibonelo zokuqina
Ukwenza iqhwa. Ngokuletha amanzi lapho iqandeka khona ngo-0 ° C, uketshezi lulahlekelwa ukuhamba kwalo futhi lube yisimo esiqinile, ngaleyo ndlela lwakha iqhwa esimweni sesitsha lapho amanzi ayetholakala khona.
Ukwenza amakhandlela. Enziwe ngophalafini asuselwa kuphethiloli, anikezwa ukwakheka kwawo okuyisici futhi intambo ifakwa ne-wax ngohlobo lwamanzi oluncane noma oluncane, ngenxa yomphumela wokushisa. Bese kuthi njengoba iphola, i-wax iqine futhi ihlale iqinile kuze kube yilapho intambo ikhanya, ngoba umlilo ubuyisela ukusebenza kwawo.
Ukwenza ubucwebe. Igolide, isiliva nezinye izinsimbi eziyigugu zisetshenziselwa ukuncibilikisa ukwenza ubucwebe: amasongo, imigexo, njll. Uma isesimweni soketshezi, insimbi iyavunyelwa ukuba ipholile esikhunjeni esithile, lapho izophuma khona iqinile futhi imelane nayo.
Ukwenza ushokoledi. Ukwenza ushokoledi, kusetshenziswa impuphu ethosiwe yokosa nokugaya i-cocoa, ixutshwe namanzi nobisi ukwenza unamathisela onguketshezi oluncane, bese lupholiswa futhi lomiswe ukuze kutholakale izinhlobo ezithile zokuhweba kwawo.
Ukwenza izitini. Izitini zokwakha zenziwa ngengxube yobumba nezinye izinto okuthi, ngokunamathisela okungamanzi amancane, zithole ukwakheka kwazo. Le nhlanganisela iyabhakwa ukuze isuse umswakama bese iyinika ukuqina nokumelana nayo.
Ukukhiqizwa kwengilazi. Ukukhiqizwa kweziqukathi zengilazi zazo zonke izinhlobo kuqala kusuka ekuhlanganisweni kwento eluhlaza (isihlabathi se-silica, i-calcium carbonate ne-limestone), kuze kube yilapho inikezwa ukuvumelana okulungile kokuyiphephetha nokuyilolonga, bese kuyipholisa bese kuyivumela ukuthi ithole isici sayo ubulukhuni nokwenza izinto obala.
Ukwenza amathuluzi. Kusuka kwensimbi engamanzi (i-alloy yensimbi nekhabhoni), kwenziwa amathuluzi ahlukahlukene kanye nezitsha zokusetshenziswa kwansuku zonke, ukumelana kwazo nemithelela, ingcindezi nokushisa kubalulekile, ngoba ukuhlanganiswa kwensimbi kwenzeka emazingeni okushisa aphakeme kakhulu (cishe ngo-1535 ° C), kuyaqabukela ongazuza ngaphandle kwamahhavini ezimboni. Insimbi ketshezi ivunyelwe ukupholisa nokuqina kusikhunta futhi ithuluzi liyatholakala.
Ukulungiselela i-Gelatin. Yize iyi-colloid (semisolid), etholakala ekumisweni kwe-collagen ekufuthweni nasekufuthweni okulandelayo kwezicubu ezixhumene nemvelaphi yezilwane, kuyisibonelo sokuqina ngokulahlekelwa ukushisa okubalulekile ukwenza ingxube ketshezi.
Ukukhiqizwa kwelatex. ILatex yisixazululo samafutha, ama-wax kanye nezinhlaka zemvelaphi yemifino, kanye nezinto ezinwebeka kakhulu ezaziwayo. Ukukhiqizwa kwayo kwamagilavu noma amakhondomu kuqala ngokuqoqwa kwalolu ketshezi kanye nokwelashwa kwalo ngamakhemikhali ukuligcina lingamanzi, uku-ayina kwalo okwalandela kanye nokukhiqizwa kwezingqimba ezincanyana zento leyo, manje, evunyelwe ukoma nokuqina.
Ukukhulelwa kwamatshe angenalutho. I- amatshe angenalutho Imvelaphi yazo yimagma yentaba-mlilo ehlala ezingxenyeni ezijulile zoqweqwe lomhlaba, okuthi lapho ihluma phezulu ibande, iqine futhi iqine, ize ibe yitshe.
Ukwenza amakhekhe. Laba maswidi bavela ekushisweni nasekuncibilikeni koshukela ovamile, kuze kube yilapho bethola into engamanzi enombala onsundu engathi, uma ithululelwe esikhunjeni, ivunyelwe ukuqina ukwenza i-caramel.
I-Mercury iqhwa. Kususwa ku-45 ° C, i-mercury, eyaziwa nangokuthi i-liquid silver, iyaqina, ubukhona bayo ekamelweni lokushisa ngokuvamile buwuketshezi.
Ukumodela okwenziwe ngezandla ngobumba. Ubumba luhlobo lomhlabathi okuthi uma selungenisiwe lube lula futhi lwenze kube lula ukwenza izimbiza, izibalo nezitsha zobuciko. Lapho seluphelelwe amanzi, ubumba luyaqina futhi luqine, lube yinto engazweli.
Ukwenza amasoseji egazi. Njengamanye amasoseji, isoseji yegazi yenziwa ngegazi elijiyile nelinamanzi, elashwa ngaphakathi kwesikhumba se-pig tripe. Lapho kuhlanganiswa, igazi eliwuketshezi liba yinyama eqinile yesoseji yegazi.
Ukwenza ibhotelanoma imajarini. Enye yezinqubo zokukhiqiza zezimboni zalokhu kudla iqukethe ukusuthiswa kwamafutha emifino noma imvelaphi yezilwane, okungukuthi, i-hyperhydrogenation, yokuphoqa izibopho ezilodwa ukuba zibe yizibopho eziphindwe kabili. Ngale nqubo, uwoyela uyaqina noma u-colloid (njengebhotela) ekamelweni lokushisa.
Bhekafuthi:
- Izibonelo ezisuka ku-Liquids to Solids (nenye indlela ezungezile)
- Izibonelo ezisuka ku-Liquids to Gases (nenye indlela ezungezile)
- Kuyini ukuqiniswa, ukuhlangana, ukuhwamuka, isikhuthazo kanye nokujiya?
