-Delile
I- i-anabolism kanye ne- catabolism Yizinqubo ezimbili zamakhemikhali ezakha imetabolism (iqoqo lokuphendula kwamakhemikhali okwenzeka kuso sonke isidalwa esiphilayo). Lezi zinqubo ziphambene kepha ziyahambisana, ngoba eyodwa incike kolunye futhi ngokubambisana zivumela ukusebenza nokwakhiwa kwamaseli.
I-Anabolism
I-Anabolism, ebizwa nangokuthi isigaba esakhayo, inqubo ye-metabolic okwakhiwa ngayo into eyinkimbinkimbi eqala ezintweni ezilula, kungaba ezokuphilayo noma ezingajwayelekile. Le nqubo isebenzisa ingxenye yamandla akhishwe yi-catabolism ukuhlanganisa ama-molecule anzima. Ngokwesibonelo: i-photosynthesis kuma-autotrophic organisms, ukuhlanganiswa kwama-lipids noma amaprotheni.
I-Anabolism yakha isisekelo sokukhula nokuthuthuka kwezinto eziphilayo. Inesibopho sokugcina izicubu zomzimba nokugcina amandla.
- Kungakusiza: I-Biochemistry
I-Catabolism
I-Catabolism, ebizwa nangokuthi isigaba esibhubhisayo, inqubo ye-metabolic equkethe ukubola kwama-molecule ayinkimbinkimbi abe lula. Lokhu kufaka ukuwohloka kanye ne-oxidation yama-biomolecule aqhamuka ekudleni okufana nama-carbohydrate, amaprotheni, kanye ne-lipids. Ngokwesibonelo: ukugaya, glycolysis.
Phakathi nalokhu kuphuka, ama-molecule akhipha amandla ngendlela ye-ATP (adenosine triphosphate). La mandla asetshenziswa ngamaseli ukwenza imisebenzi ebalulekile kanye nokusabela kwe-anabolic ekwakheni ama-molecule.
Izibonelo ze-anabolism
- I-photosynthesis. Inqubo ye-Anabolic eyenziwa yizidalwa ezi-autotrophic (azidingi ezinye izinto eziphilayo ukuzondla, ngoba zikhiqiza ukudla kwazo). Ku-photosynthesis, izinto ezingaphiliyo ziguqulwa zibe izinto eziphilayo ngamandla ahlinzekwa yilanga.
- I-Chemosynthesis. Inqubo eguqula i-carbon eyodwa noma amaningi ama-molecule wezakhi zibe yinto ephilayo esebenzisa i-oxidation yamakhemikhali angaphili. Ihlukile ku-photosynthesis ngoba ayisebenzisi ukukhanya kwelanga njengomthombo wamandla.
- Umjikelezo kaCalvin. Inqubo yamakhemikhali eyenzeka kuma-chloroplast wamaseli ezitshalo. Kuwo, ama-molecule e-carbon dioxide asetshenziselwa ukukhiqiza i-molecule ye-glucose. Kuyizindlela zokuthi izidalwa ze-autotrophic kufanele zifake izinto ezingaphili.
- Amaprotheni synthesis. Inqubo yamakhemikhali okwenziwa ngayo amaprotheni akhiwe ngamaketanga ama-amino acid. Ama-amino acid athuthwa yi-RNA yokudlulisela kwi-messenger RNA, enesibopho sokunquma ukuhleleka lapho ama-amino acid azojoyina khona ukuze akhe uchungechunge. Le nqubo yenzeka kuma-ribosomes, ama-organelles akhona kuwo wonke amaseli.
- I-Gluconeogenesis. Inqubo yamakhemikhali i-glucose ehlanganiswa ngayo nezandulela ze-glycosidic ezingewona ama-carbohydrate.
Izibonelo ze-catabolism
- Ukuphefumula kwamaselula. Inqubo yamakhemikhali lapho izinhlanganisela ezithile ze-organic zehliswa zibe yizinto ezingaphili. Amandla akhululiwe asetshenziselwa ukuhlanganisa ama-molecule we-ATP. Kunezinhlobo ezimbili zokuphefumula kwamaselula: i-aerobic (isebenzisa i-oxygen) ne-anaerobic (ayisebenzisi i-oxygen kepha amanye ama-molecule angajwayelekile).
- Ukugaya. Inqubo ye-Catabolic lapho ama-biomolecule adliwe ngumzimba ehlukaniswa khona aguqulwe abe amafomu alula (amaprotheni ehliswa abe ama-amino acid, ama-polysaccharides abe ama-monosaccharides nama-lipids kuma-fatty acids).
- I-Glycolysis. Inqubo eyenzeka ngemuva kokugaywa (lapho ama-polysaccharides ehliselwa ku-glucose). Ku-glycolysis i-molecule ngayinye ye-glucose yehlukana yaba ama-molecule amabili e-pyruvate.
- Umjikelezo weKrebs. Izinqubo zamakhemikhali eziyingxenye yokuphefumula kwamaselula kumaseli we-aerobic. Amandla agciniwe akhululwa nge-oxidation ye-acetyl-CoA molecule namandla wamakhemikhali ngendlela ye-ATP.
- Ukuwohloka kwe-acid ye-Nucleic. Inqubo yamakhemikhali lapho i-deoxyribonucleic acid (i-DNA) ne-ribonucleic acid (i-RNA) iqhubeka nezinqubo zokucekelwa phansi.
- Qhubeka ne: Izimo zamakhemikhali
