-Delile
Ngaphansi kwegama le- Izibungu iqoqelwe ku- iqoqo elikhulu kakhulu lama-arachnids amancane (amamilimitha ambalwa nje ubude), eziphakathi kwezidalwa zomhlaba ezindala kakhulu ezaziwayo, ngoba kukhona izinsalela zeminyaka cishe eziyizigidi ezingama-400 ubudala.
Kusatshalaliswa ezindaweni zokuhlala zasemhlabeni nezasolwandle, kanye nasezindaweni zasemadolobheni nezasekhaya, ikakhulu yizilwane ezidla inyama nezinambuzane, yize kunezinhlobonhlobo ezondla izitshalo kanye nodoti wezinto eziphilayo (ubosho).Imvamisa kuyimbangela yezifo nenjabulo kubantu nakwezinye izilwane.
Yize kunezinhlobo ezingaba ngu-50 000 zezinambuzane ezichaziwe, kulinganiselwa ukuthi kukhona phakathi kuka-100,000 no-500,000 osazotholakala.
Ingakusebenzela: Izibonelo zeParasitism
Izici izibungu
Izibungu zihlukaniswa ngaphakathi kwesigaba sama-arachnidsNgakho-ke, yabelana ngezici ezithile ze-morphological nezilwane ezifana nesicabucabu nofezela: umzimba ohlukaniswe kancane noma omncane ombozwe i-chitin exoskeleton, amabhangqa amane emilenze ehlanganisiwe kanye ne-chelicerae (pincers) esebenza ukondla. Ngokuhlukahluka okuyisinanakazana, lezi zithasiselo zenzelwa ukuququda isikhumba bese zimunca igazi noma ezinye izinto ezibalulekile.
Izindawo zokuhlala lezi zibungu, njengoba sishilo, zihlukahlukene kakhulu, zikwazi ukuzithola ngisho nakumamitha ayi-5000 wokujula olwandle; Noma kunjalo, Kuvamile ukubathola emakhaya ethu, kubekwe okhaphethi, izilwane ezifakiwe, izingubo zokulala nokulala, ngoba zondla izingcezu zesikhumba esifile ezishiywa yimizimba yethu.
Zijwayelekile futhi koboya noma enqwaba yezilwane nezinambuzane eziningi.. Ezinye izinhlobo zingaba izinambuzane zezolimo noma ziholele ezifweni ezithwalwa ngabantu, njengokhakhayi (ukhwekhwe).
Izinhlobo zezibungu
Ngokuya ngokudla kwabo, singahlukanisa futhi phakathi kwezinhlobo ezine ze-mite:
- Izimuncagazi. Zondla isikhumba noma igazi lezilwane, kufaka phakathi abantu, okudala ukulimala nezifo zesikhumba.
- Abadliwayo. Bayazondla ama-microorganisms, ama-arthropod amancane noma amanye ama-arachnids amancane.
- Ama-Detritophages. Bayazondla udoti wemvelo ishiywe yizitshalo nezinye izilwane, njengezikali, izingcezu zesikhumba, izinwele, njll.
- Ama-phytophages ne-mycophagi. Ziphila ngokudla izitshalo, imifino nesikhunta.
Mite ukungezwani komzimba
Izibungu eziningi ngokuvamile azinabungozi. Noma kunjalo, indle yakho kanye nemizimba yezimbungu ezifile ziphakathi kwezimbangela eziyinhloko zokungezwani komzimba kanye nesifuba somoya kubantu. Izimpawu ezijwayelekile zokungezwani nalokhu zifaka ukuthimula, ukuminyana, ukuphuma kwamakhala, ukukhwehlela, amehlo anamanzi kanye / noma ubomvu besikhumba.
Ukuphefumula okulungile kwamakamelo kuvame ukunconywa, kugwema ukuqongelela umswakama, kanye nokuhlanzwa okuvamile ngamanzi ashisayo (ngaphezu kuka-60 ° C) kaphephethi, onodoli abasezingeni eliphezulu kanye nemibhede, kanye nokuvezwa ngezikhathi ezithile komatilasi nemicamelo ilanga.
Izibonelo zezibungu
- Uthuli. I-mite "ejwayelekile", ngokuvamile ayinabungozi, yize ingahle ixhunyaniswe nokungezwani nokuphefumula nesikhumba. Kungenzeka ukuthi sikuthole noma kuphi emakhaya ethu, kosofa nakuma-cushion, kukhaphethi, lapho badla khona imfucuza yangokwemvelo yanoma yiluphi uhlobo. Ziyingxenye yemvelo yasekhaya.
- Isikorokoro izimbuzane. Imbangela ye- utwayi, isifo esihlasela umuntu nezinye izilwane ezincelisayo, sidale isifuba nezilonda esikhunjeni. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi lezi zibungu zimba imihubhe ngaphakathi kwezingqimba ezingaphandle zezicubu, lapho zondla khona futhi zibekele amaqanda, zivimbela amanxeba ukuthi angapholi kahle. Lesi sifo singadluliselwa sisuka kwesinye isidalwa esiphilayo siye kwesinye ngokuthintana okulula kwezikhumba zazo, kepha ngokuvamile sidinga izimo zenhlanzeko ezingezinhle ukuze sichume.
- Imikhaza. Imikhaza eyaziwayo, ekhubaza izinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zezilwane ezincelisayo (izinkomo, izinja, amakati) futhi ingadla ngisho nakubantu, empeleni iwuhlobo lwesibungu esikhulu samagciwane. Akuzona izilwane ezicasulayo nje kuphela, kodwa futhi zithwala izifo ezibulalayo, ezifana ne-typhus, isifo seLyme noma izinhlobo ezithile zokukhubazeka kwemizwa ngokulunywa kwazo nje.
- Intwala yezinyoni. Lezi zibungu omunca igazi ' Kujwayelekile ukubathola ezinkukhu, ama-turkeys nasezilwaneni ezikhuliswa ngobuningi, ngoba kulezo zimo zingadlula zisuka kwesinye isilwane ziye kwesinye sigcine ukutheleleka kuphila.
- Imbuzane ebomvu. Igama lesayensi Panonychus ulmi, le mite phytophagous ijwayelekile ezihlahleni zezithelo futhi ibhekwa njengesinambuzane esivamile sasehlobo. Zivame ukulala ngesimo seqanda bese zivela entwasahlobo engaphansi kwamaqabunga, avame ukoma futhi awe ngenxa yalokho.
- Isicabucabu esibomvu. Kwesinye isikhathi kudidaniswe ne-mite ebomvu, i- UTetranychus urticae futhi yisinambuzane esivamile semithi yezithelo, esikhona ezinhlotsheni ezingaphezu kwezingu-150 zezitshalo ezibaluleke kakhulu kwezolimo. Imvamisa itholakala ngaphansi kwamakhasi, lapho iluka khona uhlobo lobulembu (yingakho igama layo).
- Ushizi. Le mite ijwayele ukuhlasela ushizi obugcinwe isikhathi eside: ubukhona bayo baziwa njengogu olusempunga nolwe-mealy, lapho kutholakala khona izibungu eziphilayo, amaqanda abo kanye nendle yabo. Ukuxhumana nalezi zibungu kungadala i-dermatitis kumuntu.
- Indawo yokugcina impahla noma i-weevil. Olunye uhlobo lwe-mite lwasendlini, oluvame ukuvela emakhabetheni, lapho ludla khona ufulawa, ipasta nezinye izinhlobo zemifino ukuze zisetshenziselwe ukupheka, noma izinhlobo zesikhunta ezivela kuzo. Ezinye izinhlobo ziyafana I-Glycyphagus domesticus noma ISuidasia medanensis ziyakwazi ukukhiqiza ukungezwani komzimba kubantu.
- Isikorokoro izimbuzane. Le mite, ethinta izilimo zezinhlobo zezitshalo ezidliwayo ezingaba ngu-30, kusukela emvinini kuya kwi-pistachio, yaziwa kakhulu ngokuthi utwayi ezindaweni zokulima zaseSpain. Emaqabunga, abonakala ngamachashazi amnyama (necrotic) awashiya emithanjeni yawo, kepha angatheleleka kunoma iyiphi indawo eluhlaza yensimu.
- Umhlabathi mite. Lezi zilwane ziphakathi kweziningi kakhulu ezikhona, ezihlakazeke phansi kwamahlathi, amathafa noma kunoma iyiphi imvelo ebanikeza izinto eziningi eziphilayo zokwehlisa isithunzi. Ngale ndlela, bayingxenye ebalulekile yomjikelezo wokudluliswa kwendaba futhi bakha isixhumanisi esiphansi kunazo zonke ochungechungeni lokudla.
