-Delile
Umbono we-Psychoanalytic, iziqalo zawo ezazilandelwa kakhulu yizifundo ze USigmund Freud (1856-1939), iyindlela yokwelapha neyokuphenya emqondweni womuntu, kusuka kumbono we-immanent futhi kude nombono wezokwelapha womzimba, olandela izindlela nezinzwa lapho i-psyche isebenza khona.
I- mina, i it kanye ne- superego kukhona imiqondo yayo emithathu eyisisekelo, waphakanyiswa nguFreud uqobo ukuthi achaze umthethosisekelo wezinto zokusebenza kwengqondo kanye nokwakheka okuthile. Ngokuya ngalezi zifundo, lezi zimo ezintathu ezihlukene ezakha ingqondo zabelana ngemisebenzi yazo eminingi futhi zihlobene ngokujulile ezingeni elingaphezu kokuqonda, okungukuthi, ezingeni lokuquleka.
- I-id. Kokuqukethwe okungazi lutho ngokuphelele, kungukubonakaliswa kwengqondo kwesethi yezifiso, izinkanuko nemizwelo, evela kwezinye izimo kusuka ezigabeni zokuqala kakhulu zokuziphendukela kwabantu. Iqondiswa yisimiso senjabulo: ukwaneliseka ngazo zonke izindleko zokuqukethwe kwayo. Ngalesi sizathu kuvame ukungqubuzana nezinye lezi zimo ezimbili, okungathi ngokwe-psychoanalysis obekuzohlukana nakho kukho konke ukukhula kwengqondo yomuntu.
- I-superego. Kuyisibonelo sokuziphatha nokwahlulela kwemisebenzi yomuntu uqobo, eyakhiwe ngesikhathi sobuntwana ngokuxazululwa kwenkimbinkimbi ye-Oedipus, umphumela wayo ukufakwa kwezinkambiso ezithile, ukwenqatshelwa kanye nomqondo othile wokuzibophezela kulowo nalowo muntu . Okuqukethwe okuningi kwe-superego, noma kunjalo, kuphethwe ngokungazi, ukuze singazi kakhulu ngesimo sethu esihle se-ego.
- I. Kuyingxenye yokulamula phakathi kwamadrayivu e-id nezimfuneko ezijwayelekile ze-superego, ngokuxhumana nemibandela yeqiniso elizungezile. Inesibopho sokuvikela lonke uhlelo, yize okuqukethwe okuningi kusebenza ebumnyameni bokungazi. Noma kunjalo, yingxenye ye-psyche ebhekana namaqiniso ngqo.
Noma kunjalo, uFreud uxwayisa ukuthi lezi zimo azisebenzi ngendlela ehlelekile kepha zisebenza njengensimu eshubile, ngoba, ngaphezu kwalokho, izimfuno zabo eziningi azihambelani namaqiniso.
Lo mqondo we-psyche yomuntu uyaphikiswa futhi uphikiswa nanamuhla, yize ukujabulela ukwamukelwa okubanzi nokuthandwa ukuthi, ngokudidayo, kwenza abantu abaningi bakuthathe kalula noma bakutolike ngokungafanele.
Isibonelo se-self, it ne-superego
Njengoba kungukukhishwa, kuwusizo ekuhumusheni isimilo nasekukusondeleni ngokujulile, kunzima ukunikeza izibonelo ezithile zalezi zimo ezintathu zemilingo, kepha ngamagama abanzi kakhulu umuntu angasho ukuthi:
- Izimo ezinolakangakwabanye noma ukungqubuzana okusobala kwezenhlalo kungavela kuye uqobo, ekuzimiseleni kwawo ukubeka endaweni iqiniso, uhlala esebenza nabanye ngendlela ebonakalayo.
- Izakhiwo zecala nokuzifunela okungagcwaliswanga, ngokwesibonelo, imvamisa zivela ku-superego, njengesibonelo sokujezisa nokuqapha kokuziphatha.
- Ukuphila nokufa kuyashayela lokho kubonakala sengathi kuvela ekujuleni ngaphakathi kwengqondo futhi okuvame ukuholela ekuziphatheni okuphindayo, kuvame ukuvela ku-id.
- Amaphupho ahunyushwa yi-psychoanalysis njengokubonakaliswa okufihliwe kokuqukethwe kwe-id, okwazi ukuzibonakalisa ngendlela engahlelekile.
- Ukugcwaliseka kwezifiso futhi amaphupho ngokuxoxisana kwawo nezihlanganisi zangempela, ngumsebenzi owenziwa yi-ego, ohaqwe yizidingo ze-id kanye nemithetho ye-superego.
