Izibonelo Zamafutha Ekuphileni Kwansuku Zonke - Encyclopedia

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Izibonelo zokubasa empilweni yansuku zonke

I- okokubasa yizinto ezikhipha amandla ngendlela yokushisa lapho ukusabela kwamakhemikhali kubizwa namachibi.

I- Amandla ekhishwe ngophethiloli isesimweni se amandla angaba khona ezixhumanisweni ezixhumanisa i- ama-molecule (amandla abophayo).

Amafutha asetshenziswa kakhulu yilena:

Amaminerali carbon (petrol): Yidwala elitholakala ngokumba izimayini. Kuyinto insiza engavuselelekiNgamanye amagama, njengoba isetshenziswa, izinqolobane zayo zomhlaba ziyancipha, ezingenakushintshwa.
Izinkuni (uphethiloli oqinile): Iqhamuka esiqwini sezihlahla. Isikhathi "ukhuni”Ibhekisa ezintweni ezingasetshenziselwa izinhloso ezahlukahlukene, njengokwakhiwa nokukhiqizwa kwemikhiqizo eyahlukahlukene. Lapho isetshenziswa njengophethiloli kuvame ukubizwa ngokuthi "izinkuni zokubasa". Yize kungabhekwa njenge- isisetshenziswa esivuselelekayonjengoba izihlahla zingaphinde zitshalwe, izinga izihlahla ezingaba ngalo izinkuni ukunqunywa kuphakeme kakhulu kunezinga abatshalwa ngalo, okungukuthi ngenxa yomehluko omkhulu phakathi kokusetshenziswa nokukhiqizwa kwensiza, singakubheka akuvuseleleki. Kodwa-ke, kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuthi amahlathi ayagawulwa ukuze kusetshenziswe izinkuni kuphela kodwa futhi nokusebenzisa umhlaba osuliwe njengezindawo zokutshala nokwakha izindlu. Emhlabeni jikelele, umphumela walokhu ubizwa ngokuthi yihlane.
Peat (uphethiloli oqinile): Kuyinto ephilayo yemvelaphi yemifino. Kungumphumela wokufakwa kwekhabhoni kohlaza. Ukuqukethwe kwayo kwekhabhoni ephezulu (59%) okwenza kube uphethiloli. Isetshenziswa yomisiwe njengophethiloli wokufudumeza nokwenza amandla kagesi, kepha futhi inokusetshenziswa okunye (ingadi, ukudla kwezitshalo, njll.)
Uphethiloli: (etholakala ku-petroleum) Inguwoyela wezinjini zangaphakathi zomlilo. Itholakala ku- ziphuzo zazihluzwa uwoyela, ukuthola uketshezi olulula. Ukuhlanganiswa kokuphindaphindwayo ama-hydrocarbon. Kungumthombo ongavuseleleki.
Udizili, udizili noma udizili (etholakala ku-petroleum): Isetshenziswa njengophethiloli wokushisa kanye nezinjini zikadizili. Kuyinto uketshezi enkulu ukuminyana ukwedlula uphethiloli. Kungumthombo ongavuseleleki.
Ipharafini noma uphalafini: (etholakala ku-petroleum): Okokhelekayo obekade kusetshenziswa eziko nasezibanini, futhi njengamanje ezindizeni ze-jet. Ibuye ibe nokunye ukusetshenziswa njengokwenziwa kwezibulala-zinambuzane futhi njenge isisombululo. Kungumthombo ongavuseleleki.
Igesi yemvelo: Kuyinto uphethiloli wezinsalela. Ingatholakala emikhakheni ezimele noma ezinkampanini zikawoyela noma zamalahle. Kungcono kunamanye amafutha okubasa ngoba kukhishwa isikhutha esincane ekusetshenzisweni kwawo. Isetshenziselwa ukufudumeza ngama-boilers, ukwenza ugesi nokushisa, futhi futhi njengophethiloli wezimoto. Kungumthombo ongavuseleleki futhi kulinganiselwa ukuthi izinqolobane zamanje emhlabeni wonke zizosetshenziswa eminyakeni engama-55 ezayo. Uma sikhuluma ngegesi yemvelo sijwayele ukubhekisa kwigesi yemethane, kuyilapho sikhuluma ngamagesi kaphethiloli sikhuluma ngegesi ebutane nepropane.
Olunye uphethiloli: Amafutha amaningi asetshenziswa kakhulu awavuseleleki. Ngalesi sizathu, ezinye izindlela zifunwa ngezinto ezintsha ezivuthayo ezifana ne-biodiesel, ezenziwa nge-distillation yemifino, noma nge-hydrogen. Okwamanje, la mafutha adinga amandla amaningi ukukhiqiza kunalawo ahlinzekwa ngesikhathi sokusetshenziswa, ngakho-ke awakasetshenziswa kabanzi. Kodwa-ke, ucwaningo luhlose ukuluguqula lube ezinye izindlela ezisebenza kahle kakhulu.

Ingakusebenzela: Izibonelo Zamafutha

Izibonelo zokubasa empilweni yansuku zonke

Imililo: Lapho sibasa umlilo olwandle, ehlathini noma eziko elinendawo yokubasa, sisebenzisa izinkuni (izinkuni) njengophethiloli. Kumele sikhumbule ukuthi konke ukushisa kukhiqiza imfucuza enobuthi, ngendlela ye- okuqinile kanye namagesiNgakho-ke, noma nini lapho kwenziwa umlilo womlilo endaweni evaliwe, kufanele kube khona okukhipha la magesi anobuthi. Yilokho okushiwo oshimula.
Ugesi: Amandla kagesi angavela emithonjeni ehlukene, njengamandla elanga, amandla omoya noma amandla kagesi. Kodwa-ke, emadolobheni amaningi nasemadolobheni amakhulu kusetshenziswa uphethiloli onjengamalahle noma imikhiqizo kaphethiloli ukukhiqiza ugesi. Ungathola ukuthi amandla wedolobha lakho avela kuphi ukuthola ukuthi kusetshenziswa uphethiloli yini.
Abadayisi: Abathengisi basemgwaqweni abasebenzisa uhlobo oluthile lwamalangabi ukwenza umkhiqizo wabo (i-popcorn, i-caramelised, njll.) Bavame ukusebenzisa uphalafini kwizibasa zabo.
Amabhasi: Amabhasi ohamba kuwo ajwayele ukusebenzisa uphethiloli ekusebenzeni kwawo. Ngenxa yezindleko nokusebenza kwabo, kungenzeka basebenzise udizili noma i-CNG (igesi yemvelo ecindezelweyo).
AmakhandlelaAmakhandlela enziwe ngengcina yemvelo noma uphalafini (okuvela kuphethiloli). Phambilini zazenziwe nge- amafutha futhi kusekhona amanye amakhandlela enziwe ngezandla ngaleyo nto. Noma ngabe kungu-wax, uphalafini noma igrisi, okokusebenza okuzungeze intambo akusebenzi nje njengokweseka kepha futhi nophethiloli, osetshenziswa lapho ilangabi lekhandlela lisha.
IzimotoOkwamanje iningi lezinto zokuhamba zidinga uphethiloli ekusebenzeni kwazo. Esikhathini esiningi basebenzisa uphethiloli, noma kunjalo kunabaningi abasebenzisa udizili, igesi yemvelo noma ngisho nezinye izinto zokubasa.
Yenza itiye: Entweni elula njengokulungisa itiye sisebenzisa okokubasa, imvamisa igesi yemethane. Vele, wonke amalungiselelo ayinkimbinkimbi okupheka nawo asebenzisa uphethiloli, ngaphandle kwezitofu zikagesi.
Ukushisa kwegesi: Izitofu zivamise ukusebenzisa igesi ukufudumeza umoya noma ukufudumeza amanzi okuthi kamuva ashise imvelo lapho izungeza eziko. Kuzo zombili lezi zimo, igesi isebenza njengophethiloli. Okuhlukile izitofu zikagesi.