Olunye uphethiloli

-Delile

• Kungani zidingeka?
• Izibonelo zamanye amafutha

I- Olunye uphethiloli ibizwa kanjalo ngoba yakhelwe ngokuyinhloko njengezinye izindlela zokunye ukusetshenziswa kwezinto zokubasa ezimbiwa phansi ngezinto zokuhamba.

A uphethiloli Kuyinto enekhono lokukhulula amandla ngendlela yokushisa, ngokuhamba ngenqubo enobudlova ye namachibi.

I- amandla akhulula amandla ngoba, ngokwephula izibopho zamakhemikhali ezinhlayiya zalo, amandla abephethe lezo zibopho akhululekile. La mandla abizwa ngokuthi amandla abophayo futhi a amandla angaba khona, okungukuthi, kuthinta noma iyiphi into engaphandle kwe-molecule uqobo. Isikhathi lapho amandla akhishwa khona, esimweni samafutha aguqulwa abe ukushisa.

Amandla ashisayo (ukushisa) angasetshenziswa ngezindlela ezahlukahlukene:

• Ngqo njengokushisa (amandla okushisa) Yilokhu okwenzekayo ngokwesibonelo lapho sisebenzisa izinkuni (uphethiloli) ukubasa umlilo.
• Ukuguqula kube ukunyakaza (amandla emishini): Ama-Motors amadivayisi avumela amandla akhishwe ngamafutha ukuthi asetshenziselwe ukuhambisa izinto ezahlukahlukene. Isibonelo, lapho sisebenzisa uphethiloli (uphethiloli) lokho ngokusebenzisa injini kungahambisa imoto. Kodwa-ke, akuwona wonke amandla asetshenziswayo kanye ne ukushisa njalo kukhiqiza amandla okushisa (ukushisa).

Kungani zidingeka?

Amafutha endabuko, afana nalawo atholakala emalahleni nalawo atholakala kuwoyela (uphethiloli, udizili, njll.) Akhipha igesi ngesikhathi somlilo isikhutha, lokho inobuthi ezindaweni eziningi.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, noma ingekho ekugxileni okuphawulekayo, ikhiqiza imvula ene-asidi, ilimaze izitshalo futhi ithinte ikhwalithi yenhlabathi. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, i-carbon dioxide esemkhathini yakha ungqimba oluvumela ukushisa kwelanga ukuba lungene kodwa luvimbele ukuphuma kwalo, ngaleyo ndlela kube nomthelela kumphumela wokushisa nokushisa komhlaba.

I- umgomo wamanye amafutha ukuhlinzeka ngomthombo we amandla ahlanzekile futhi asimeme, okungukuthi, akuveli ezinsizakalweni Akuvuseleleki, njengamafutha.

Olunye uphethiloli lusha sha kanti njengamanje ubuchwepheshe obudingekayo ekukhiqizweni nasekusebenziseni kwabo busesezigabeni zokuqala zentuthuko. Ngakho-ke, yize kusetshenziswa amanye amafutha amaningi, amaningi awo asadinga amandla amaningi ekukhiqizeni kwawo kunalawo atholakala emlilweni. Kodwa-ke, ukusetshenziswa kwayo okungenzeka kusaphenywa ngoba kubhekwa ukuthi ngobuchwepheshe obufanele ukusebenza kwayo kuzothuthuka.

• Ingakusebenzela: Izibonelo Zamafutha Ekuphileni Kwansuku Zonke

Izibonelo zamanye amafutha

1. I-BTL: I-Biomass ibe uketshezi. Isiqubulo esithi BTL sivela esiNgisini esithi "Biomass to Liquids". I- i-biomass kuyinto ephilayo, okungukuthi, izinto eziphilayo. I-BTL uhlobo lukaphethiloli wokwenziwa ofana nophethiloli wezinsalela (uphethiloli, uphalafini, noma udizili) okhiqizwa kusuka ezitshalweni.
2. I-Hydrogen: Iyimolekyuli elula futhi encane kunazo zonke: ezimbili ama-athomu i-hydrogen. Ihlangana nomoya-mpilo nezinye izinto ezizosetshenziswa njengophethiloli. Inzuzo yokusebenzisa le nto njengophethiloli ukuthi ayikhiphi amagesi angcolisayo. Okubi ukuthi akukhululekile ngokwemvelo. Ngalesi sizathu, kusetshenziswa amandla amaningi ukuyikhiqiza kunalokho okungatholwa ngomlilo. Ingasetshenziswa kumaseli kaphethiloli ukukhiqiza ugesi noma ukushisa. Ingabuye ishiswe ngezinjini zomlilo.
3. Amafutha kagesiIzimoto ezikwazi ukusebenzisa ugesi njengophethiloli ziyenziwa njengamanje. Ubuhle ukuthi ugesi awukhiphi amagesi anobuthi. Okubi ukuthi izimoto ezinokuzimela ezanele azikenziwa. Ukuthi imoto iyakwazi ukuzimela kusho ukuthi ingahamba amakhilomitha amaningi ngaphandle kokufaka uphethiloli. Lokhu akwenzeki ngezimoto zikagesi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ambalwa amadolobha anohlelo olutholakalayo lokushaja lezi zimoto, kuyilapho uphethiloli utholakala emhlabeni wonke.
4. I-Bioethanol: I-ethanol (umkhiqizo wotshwala we ukuvutshelwa) engatholakala ezitshalweni ezifana nommbila noma ubhontshisi wesoya. Yiphrojekthi kaphethiloli ethandwa kakhulu ngenxa yokuthi impahla eluhlaza ingavuseleleka kalula. Kodwa-ke, kunesimo esibucayi esisola ukusetshenziswa kwezitshalo ekukhiqizeni uphethiloli ngokwenyuka kwamanani okudla. Futhi, akukakaqinisekiswa ukuthi ayikhiqizi igesi enobuthi. Kodwa-ke, kungenzeka kakhulu ukuthi uma ikhipha amagesi anobuthi azoba sezingeni eliphansi kakhulu kune izinto zokubasa ezimbiwa phansi. Ngendlela efanayo naleyo eyenzeka ngayo nge-hydrogen, okunye ukungalungi kwe-bioethanol ukuthi amandla asetshenziswayo manje ekukhiqizweni kwawo makhulu kunalawo atholakala kuphethiloli.
5. I-Biodiesel: Uphethiloli oketshezi okhiqizwa ngokukhethekile kusuka kuma-lipids, okungukuthi, amafutha emifino kanye namafutha ezilwane. Ngokungafani ne-bioethanol, ayikhiqizwa ngokuvutshelwa kepha yenziwa yi-esterification ne-transesterification. Izinto zokusetshenziswa kuvamise ukugcotshwa uwoyela, isundu lamafutha necamelina. Amafutha ezilwane anenkinga yokukhiqiza i-biodiesel eqina emazingeni aphezulu okushisa afiselekayo.
6. I-CTL: Amalahle abe uketshezi. Amalahle angaphenduka uketshezi olwakhiwe ngu ama-hydrocarbon sibonga inqubo yamakhemikhali ebizwa ngokuthi inqubo kaPott-Broche. Ukushisa okuphezulu, i-solvent high solvent isetshenziswa emalahleni. I-Hydrogen iyangezwa bese umkhiqizo uyaqhubeka nokuhlanjululwa.