-Delile
Ukushisa okuqondile, ukushisa okunengqondo, nokushisa okufihlekile kungubuningi bomzimba:
I- ukushisa okuqondile into ethile yinani lokushisa okufanele linikezwe kuyunithi elilodwa lalolo ketshezi ukukhulisa izinga lalo lokushisa ngeyunithi eyodwa. Leli nani lihluka kakhulu kuye ngokuthi izinga lokushisa into ekulo ngaphambi kokufakwa kokushisa kulo. Isibonelo, kuthatha ikhalori elilodwa ukukhulisa amanzi ekamelweni lokushisa ngezinga elilodwa, kepha kuthatha ikhalori elingu-0.5 kuphela ukukhuphula izinga lokushisa kweqhwa libe ngu -5 degrees ngezinga elilodwa. Ukushisa okuqondile futhi kuncike ekucindezelekeni komkhathi. Into efanayo ekucindezelekeni okuphansi komkhathi inokushisa okuthile okuphansi. Izibonelo ezingezansi zivumelekile ekushiseni kwama-degree angama-25 nokucindezela komoya ongu-1.
I- ukushisa okunengqondo Inani lokushisa umzimba elingakuthola ngaphandle kokuthinta ukwakheka kwalo kwamangqamuzana. Uma ukwakheka kwamangqamuzana kungashintshi, umbuso (oqinile, oketshezi, onegesi) awuguquki. Njengoba ukwakheka kwamangqamuzana kungashintshi, kuguqulwa izinga lokushisa, yingakho kubizwa ngokuthi ukushisa okunengqondo.
I- ukushisa okucashile Ngamandla (ukushisa) okudingekayo ukuze into ishintshe isigaba (isimo). Uma ushintsho lusuka kokuqinile luya kuketshezi lubizwa ngokuthi ukushisa kokuhlangana. Uma ushintsho lusuka kuketshezi luye kugesi luthiwa ukushisa kwe-vaporization. Lapho ukufakwa kusetshenziswa entweni efinyelele ezingeni lokushisa lapho ishintsha khona isimo, akunakwenzeka ukuthi izinga lokushisa likhule, kumane nje kuguqule isimo. Isibonelo, uma ukushisa kuqhubeka nokusetshenziswa emanzini abilayo, ngeke kudlule i-100 ° C. Ngokuya ngento, ukushisa okucashile ngokuvamile kungalinganiswa ngama-calories ngegram noma ngama-kilojoule ngekhilogremu ngalinye (KJ).
Izibonelo zokushisa okuthile
- Amanzi (asesimweni soketshezi): 1 Ikhalori ngegramu ngalinye ukukhulisa u-1 ° C
- I-Aluminium: ikhalori elingu-0.215 ngegramu ngayinye
- IBeryllium: 0.436 ikhalori ngegramu ngayinye
- I-Cadmium: 0.055 ikhalori ngegramu ngayinye
- Ithusi. 0.0924 ikhalori ngegramu ngayinye
- I-Glycerin: ikhalori elingu-0.58 ngegramu ngayinye
- Igolide: 0.0308 ikhalori ngegramu ngayinye
- Insimbi: ikhalori elingu-0.107 ngegramu ngayinye
- Hola: 0.0305 ikhalori ngegramu ngayinye
- I-Silicon: ikhalori elingu-0.168 ngegramu ngayinye
- Isiliva: ikhalori elingu-0.056 ngegramu ngayinye
- I-Potassium: 0.019 ikhalori ngegramu ngayinye
- I-Toluene: ikhalori elingu-0.380 ngegramu ngayinye
- Ingilazi: 0.2 ikhalori ngegramu ngayinye
- Imabula: 0.21 ikhalori ngegramu ngayinye
- Izinkuni: 0.41 ikhalori ngegramu ngayinye
- U-ethyl alcohol: ikhalori elingu-0.58 ngegramu ngayinye
- IMercury: ikhalori elingu-0.033 ngegramu ngayinye
- Amafutha omnqumo: ama-calories angu-0.47 ngegramu ngayinye
- Isihlabathi: ikhalori elingu-0.2 ngegramu ngayinye
Izibonelo zokushisa okunengqondo
- Faka ukushisa emanzini phakathi kuka-1 no-100 ° C
- Faka ukushisa kukathini ongaphansi kuka-240 ° C
- Faka ukushisa komthofu okungaphansi kuka-340 ° C
- Faka ukushisa kuzinc engaphansi kuka-420 ° C
- Faka ukushisa ku-aluminium engaphansi kuka-620 ° C
- Faka ukushisa ethusi elingaphansi kuka-880 ° C
- Faka ukushisa ku-nickel engaphansi kuka-1450 ° C
Izibonelo zokushisa okucashile
Amanzi: ukushisa okucashile kokuhlangana: ama-calories ayi-80 ngegramu (kuthatha ama-calories ayi-80 kugremu elilodwa leqhwa ku-0 ° C ukuze abe amanzi), ukushisa okucashile kokuphefumula: ama-calories angu-540 ngegramu ngalinye (kuthatha ama-calories angu-540 ngegramu elilodwa lamanzi ku 100 ° C ukuze ube umusi).
Insimbi: ukushisa okucashile kwe-fusion: ama-calories angu-50
I-Alumino: ukushisa okucashile kwe-fusion: ama-calories angu-85 / 322-394 KJ; ukushisa okwedlule kwe-vaporization: 2300 KJ.
Isibabule: ukushisa okucashile kwe-fusion: 38 KJ; ukushisa okwedlule kwe-vaporization: 326 KJ.
I-Cobalt: ukushisa okucashile kwe-fusion: 243 KJ
Ithusi: ukushisa okucashile kwe-fusion: ama-calories angu-43; ukushisa okwedlule kwe-vaporization: 2360 KJ.
I-Tin: ukushisa okucashile kwe-fusion: ama-calories ayi-14/113 KJ
I-Phenol: ukushisa okucashile kwe-fusion: 109 KJ
Insimbi: ukushisa okucashile kwe-fusion: 293 KJ; ukushisa okwedlule kwe-vaporization: 2360 KJ.
I-Magnesium: ukushisa okucashile kwe-fusion: ama-calories angu-72
IMercury: ukushisa okucashile kwe-fusion: 11.73 KJ; ukushisa okwedlule kwe-vaporization: 356.7 KJ.
I-Nickel: ukushisa okucashile kwe-fusion: ama-calories angu-58
Isiliva: ukushisa okucashile kwe-fusion: 109 KJ
Ukuhola: ukushisa okucashile kwe-fusion: ama-calories ayi-6; ukushisa okwedlule kwe-vaporization: 870 KJ.
Oxygen: ukushisa okucashile kwe-fusion: ama-calories angu-3.3
Igolide: ukushisa okucashile kwe-fusion: 67 KJ
I-Zinc: ukushisa okucashile kwe-fusion: ama-calories angu-28
