-Delile
Ibizwa ukuhlukahluka kwemvelo ezinhlotsheni ezahlukahlukene zokuphila ezikhula endaweni yemvelo. Zonke izitshalo, izilwane, ama-microorganisms, kanye nezinto zofuzo ngayinye yazo zifakiwe encazelweni.
Kokubili izinhlobo ezihlala esifundeni kanye nomsebenzi wezemvelo owenziwa yilowo nalowo, ovumela ngandlela thile ukuba khona kwazo zonke ezinye, kubalulekile.
Inani elibaluleke kakhulu le- ukuhlukahluka kwemvelo kungenxa yokuthi kuyinqubo eyenziwe yizinhlobo ezahlukahlukene eminyakeni eminingi edlule, isikhathi esidingekayo ukufezekisa okuthile okufana nokulingana kwe-biosphere.
Ukusinda kwalezi zinhlobo kuqinisekiswa uhlelo lwezinto eziphilayo ezitholakala kuzo, futhi kuleli zinga umuntu unohlobo olulodwa kuphela: ukusetshenziswa nokuzuza kokuhlukahluka kwezinto eziphilayo kube nomthelela ngezindlela eziningi ekuthuthukiseni isiko lomuntu.
- Bhekafuthi: Indawo Ne-Niche Yezemvelo
Izinhlelo zezinto eziphilayo
Izinhlelo zebhayoloji zivamise ukuba namandla azo, kuze kufike ezingeni lapho izinhlobo zifeza imisebenzi kodwa futhi zishabalale, ukuze uhlobo lwendalo olungasekho ngokwemvelo lubangele ukuphazamiseka ku-ecosystem okungashintshwa olunye uhlobo.
Kodwa-ke, izenzo ezahlukahlukene ezenziwa ngumuntu zivame ukuguqula ukwehlukahluka kwezinto eziphilayo kusuka ezinhlangothini ezehlukene: ukuguqulwa ezimweni zezulu, ukushushiswa nokuxhashazwa ngokweqile kwezinhlobo zezilwane, ukubhujiswa nokuqhekeka kwendawo, ukwethulwa kwezinhlobo zezilwane ezihlasela umhlaba ezolimo ezijulile ziyingozi kwezinye zezinhlobo ezisemhlabeni.
Ukubaluleka kokuhlukahluka kwemvelo
Lapho ukulahleka kokwehlukahluka kubangelwa ukuxhaphaza komuntu izinhlelo zemvelo, lokhu kulungiswa akwenziwa ngokuzenzakalela futhi kungabeka engcupheni yonke imvelo.
Yingakho kunemikhankaso ehlala njalo ehloselwe thanda ukunakekelwa kwezinhlobonhlobo zezinto eziphilayo, nokulondolozwa kwe- izimiso zemvelo. Ngalokhu, kunconywa uchungechunge lwezenzo:
- Hlanganisa ukuthuthukiswa komnotho nokulondolozwa kwemvelo.
- Okuhlobene nokwamuva, ukulahla amasu okukhiqiza alulaza izisetshenziswa eziphilayo noma inhlabathi.
- Hlola ukubaluleka kwengxenye ngayinye yokwehlukahlukana kwezinto eziphilayo, ngaphezu kohlelo jikelele.
- Ukunakekela amahlathi emvelo, kusuka ekuziphatheni ngakunye kepha nangezinqubomgomo zomphakathi.
- Imephu futhi ubheke izindawo, kanye nabantu bazo be- Izimbali nezilwane.
- Gwema ukwethulwa kwezinhlobo eziyinqaba ngaphandle uma zizuzisa ngokukhethekile.
Izinkomba nezibonelo
Izinkomba ezahlukahlukene zisetshenziselwa linganisa ukuhlukahluka kwemveloInkomba yeSimpson ingenye yezikhathi ezivame kakhulu. Ngokuya ngalezi zinkomba, kuye kwahlukaniswa isigaba esiqukethe amazwe ayishumi nesikhombisa abizwa ngokuthi ama-megadiverse, ahlangene ahlala ngaphezu kwama-70% ezinhlobonhlobo zezinto eziphilayo emhlabeni.
Ngezansi kohlu, kufaka phakathi izinto ezithile zokuhlukahluka ngakunye kwazo:
- EU.SAIsikhala esikhulu salelizwe siyizinhlobo ezingama-432 zezilwane ezincelisayo, ezingama-311 zazo ezihuquzelayo, Ama-amphibian angama-256, izinyoni ezingama-800, izinhlanzi eziyi-1,154 nezinambuzane ezingaphezu kuka-100,000.
- India: Izilwane zihlanganisa izinkomo, izinyathi, izimbuzi, amabhubesi, izingwe nezindlovu zase-Asia. Kunezindawo ezingamaxhaphozi ezingama-25 ezweni futhi kunezinhlobo zezinhlobo eziphilayo ezifana nenkawu yaseNilgiri, isele laseBeddome, ingwe yaseBengal nengonyama yase-Asiatic.
- EMalaysiaKunezinhlobo ezingaba ngu-210 ze izilwane ezincelisayo ezweni, izinhlobo zezinyoni ezingama-620, izinhlobo ezingama-250 zezilwane ezihuquzelayo (eziyi-150 zazo ziyizinyoka), izinhlobo ezingama-600 zamakhorali nezinhlobo zezinhlanzi eziyi-1200.
- Iningizimu Afrika: Ngokuhlukahluka kwesithathu emhlabeni, kufaka phakathi izinhlobo zezitshalo ezingama-20,000, kanye no-10% wezinhlobo ezaziwayo zezinyoni nezinhlanzi emhlabeni.
- EMexico: Inezindawo ezingama-37 'zasendle' emhlabeni, ezinokuhlukahluka okukhulu kwezinyoni nezinhlanzi (izinhlobo eziyi-875, izinyoni zasolwandle ezingama-580 nezingu-35 izilwane ezincelisayo zasolwandle).
- E-Australia: Ngama-8% endawo evikelwe, izwe linezinhlobo zezinhlobo zemvelo i-kangaroo ne-koala, kodwa futhi lihlanganisa namademoni e-platypus, possum kanye neTasmanian. Kunezinhlobonhlobo zezihlahla, imvamisa i-eucalyptus ne-acacias.
- EColombia: Yizwe elicebe kakhulu ezinyonini ezinezinhlobo eziyi-1870, ngaphezu kokufaka izinhlobo ezingaphezu kwama-700 zamaxoxo, izinhlobo ezingama-456 zezilwane ezincelisayo, nezinhlobo zezitshalo ezingaphezu kuka-55,000 (ingxenye eyodwa kwezintathu yazo ihlala kulelo zwe kuphela).
- I-China: Inezitshalo ezingaphezu kuka-30,000 ezithuthukile, nezingu-6, 347 okunomgogodla elimele phakathi kwezingu-10% zezitshalo kanye no-14% wezilwane emhlabeni.
- EPeruKunezinhlobo ezingaba ngu-25 000, kanti ezingama-30% zakhona. Kunezinhlobo ezingaba ngu-182 zezitshalo ezifuywayo zase-Andes.
- I-EcuadorKunezinhlobo zezitshalo eziphakathi kuka-22,000 no-25,000, ezinamazinga aphezulu endemics. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kukhona inani elikhulu ezincelisayo, izinyoni, izilwane zasemanzini nezilwane ezihuquzelayo.
- EMadagascar: Kufaka izinhlobo ezingama-32 zezinkawu ezihlukile emhlabeni, izinhlobo ezingama-28 zamalulwane, izinhlobo eziyi-198 zezinyoni nezinhlobo ezingama-257 zezilwane ezihuquzelayo.
- EBrazil: Yizwe elinokuhlukahlukana okukhulu kunakho konke emhlabeni, elinenani elikhulu lezilwane ezincelisayo nezinhlanzi ezingaphezu kuka-3 000 zamanzi angenasawoti, izinhlobo ezingama-517 zezilwane eziphila ezweni nasemanzini, izinhlobo ezingu-3 150 zezimvemvane, izinhlobo zezinyoni eziyi-1,622 nezinhlobo ezingama-468 zezilwane ezihuquzelayo.
- IDemocratic Republic of Congo: Izilwane ezinkulu ezincelisayo ezifana nezindlovu, amabhubesi, izingwe, izimfene noma izindlulamithi ziyabonakala.
- I-Indonesia: Kulokho okubizwa ngokuthi ‘Amahlathi ePharadesi’ kunezinhlobo eziningi zezinto eziphilayo, kufaka phakathi izilwane ezincelisayo ezingama-500 nezinyoni eziyi-1600.
- IVenezuela: Kunezinhlobo zezitshalo ezingaba ngu-15 500, kanye nenani elikhulu lezilwane, kubandakanya nezinhlobo eziyi-1,200 zezinhlanzi.
- IPhilippines: Kubonakala ngenani elikhulu lezilwane ezihuquzelayo nezilwane eziphila ezweni.
- IPapua New Guinea: Cishe izinhlobo ezingama-4 642 zezilwane ezinomgogodla zihlala ehlathini laseNew Guinea.
- Landela nge: Izilwane ezisengozini
