Umlobi:
Laura McKinney
Usuku Lokudalwa:
9 Epreli 2021
Ukuvuselela Usuku:
1 Ujulayi 2024
-Delile
- Izici zobukhosi
- Izici ze-Oligopoly
- Imiphumela yokubuswa wedwa ne-oligopoly
- Izibonelo zokubuswa wedwa
- Izibonelo zama-oligopolies
I- ukubusa wedwa kanye ne- oligopoly ayizinhlaka zezimakethe zezomnotho (umongo lapho kushintshaniswa izimpahla kanye nezinsizakalo phakathi kwabantu okwenzeka) okwenzeka lapho kunokuncintisana okungaphelele emakethe. Ezimweni zokuncintisana okungaphelele, akukho ukulingana kwemvelo phakathi kokunikezwa nokufunwayo ukunquma amanani ezimpahla noma amasevisi.
- Ubukhosi. Imodeli yemakethe yezomnotho lapho kukhona umkhiqizi oyedwa, umsabalalisi noma umthengisi wento enhle noma isevisi. Kubukhosi bodwa, abathengi abakwazi ukukhetha okunye okuhle noma insiza, ngoba akukho mncintiswano.
Ngokwesibonelo: Ifemu yakwaDe Beers (eyokumbiwa phansi kwedayimane nokuhweba) ilawula inani lokukhiqizwa kwedayimane emhlabeni jikelele kanye nezintengo amashumi eminyaka. - Oligopoly. Imodeli yemakethe yezomnotho lapho kukhona abakhiqizi abambalwa, abasabalalisi noma abathengisi bensiza enikeziwe, enhle noma esevisi. Izinkampani ezingamalungu e-oligopoly zivame ukusebenzisana futhi zibe nomthelela komunye nomunye ukuvimbela ukuncintisana okuningi ukungena emakethe.
Ngokwesibonelo: UPepsi noCoca - kwaCola, kwamanye amazwe, cishe yonke imakethe yeziphuzo ezibandayo.
- Kungakusiza: Monopsony ne-oligopsony
Kuwo womabili amamodeli, kunezithiyo zokungena okunzima kakhulu ukuzinqoba ezinkampanini noma kumaqembu azama ukungena emakethe. Lokhu kungabangelwa ubunzima bokuthola insiza, izindleko zobuchwepheshe, imithethonqubo kahulumeni.
Izici zobukhosi
- Leli gama livela esiGrekini sazise: "eyodwa futhi i-poléin: "ukuthengisa".
- Umncintiswano awuphelele, amakhasimende noma abathengi baphoqeleka ukukhetha inketho eyodwa kuphela.
- Inkampani ilawula ukukhiqizwa futhi isetha intengo ngamandla ayo emakethe kwazise, njengoba kungukuphela kwenkampani enikezayo, intengo ayisethwanga ngokunikezwa nokufunwa.
- Izimbangela ngokuvamile: ukuthenga noma ukuhlanganiswa kwezinkampani; izindleko zokukhiqiza, okusho ukuthi umkhiqizi kuphela ongathuthukisa umkhiqizo noma athole insiza yemvelo; izinkampani zomhlaba wonke ezandisa imingcele yazo ziye kwamanye amazwe; amalayisense akhishwe uhulumeni enkampanini eyodwa.
- Amazwe amaningi anemithetho yokuvimbela ukunqotshwa okubavimbela ekulawuleni imakethe nokuvimba inkululeko yabathengi yokuzikhethela.
- Bangasebenzisa noma bangasebenzisi izinsiza zokumaketha ngoba balawula konke okunikezwayo.
- Kukhona ukuzimela ngokwemvelo lapho, ngenxa yezindleko eziphansi, kulula ukuthi inkampani eyodwa ikhiqize konke ukukhiqizwa. Imvamisa banikeza insizakalo ethile futhi ilawulwa nguhulumeni. Ngokwesibonelo: insizakalo kagesi, insizakalo yegesi, insizakalo yesitimela.
Izici ze-Oligopoly
- Leli gama livela esiGrekini oligo: "bambalwa" futhi poline: "ukuthengisa".
- Kukhona ukuncintisana okukhulu kunokubuswa yedwa, yize kungathathwa njengokuncintisana kwangempela, ngoba ukunikezwa kwemakethe kulawulwa yilolu hlobo lwezinkampani, zizonke, ezilawula okungenani ama-70% emakethe isiyonke.
- Izivumelwano zivame ukusungulwa phakathi kwezinkampani ezinikele entweni efanayo, lokhu kuzivumela ukuthi zilawule ukunikezwa kwemakethe futhi zibe namandla anele okulawula amanani nokukhiqiza.
- Sebenzisa izinsiza zokumaketha nezokukhangisa.
- Kungaba wedwa esifundeni esithile noma endaweni lapho ingenabo abanye abancintisana abanikeza umkhiqizo noma insizakalo efanayo.
- Kunezinhlobo ezimbili: i-oligopoly ehlukanisiwe, enomkhiqizo ofanayo kodwa ohlukahlukene, ngokuhluka kwekhwalithi noma ukwakheka; ne-oligopoly egxilile, umkhiqizo ofanayo onezimpawu ezifanayo.
- Kukhona i-oligopoly yemvelo lapho ukukhiqizwa okukhulu kwenza ibhizinisi lingakwazi ukusebenziseka ezinkampanini ezincane.
Imiphumela yokubuswa wedwa ne-oligopoly
Ukuzimela wedwa kanye ne-oligopoly kuvame ukuholela ekusweleni emakethe nasekunciphiseni kwalowo mkhakha wezomnotho. Ukuntuleka komncintiswano wangempela kungadala ukungabi namasu amasha noma ukwenziwa ngcono kwezinsizakalo ezinikezwa izinkampani.
Kulezi zinhlobo umkhiqizi unakho konke ukulawula futhi unobungozi obuncane kakhulu. Umthengi ulahlekelwa ngoba ukuntuleka komncintiswano noma ukuncintisana okungafanele kubangela ukwenyuka kwamanani nokwehla komkhiqizo.
Izibonelo zokubuswa wedwa
- IMicrosoft. Inkampani yezobuchwepheshe yamazwe ngamazwe.
- I-Telmex. Inkampani yocingo yaseMexico.
- Saudi Arambo. Inkampani kawoyela yombuso waseSaudi Arabia.
- I-NiSource Inc. Inkampani yegesi yemvelo nogesi e-United States.
- Facebook. Insiza yezokuxhumana.
- Aysa. Inkampani yamanzi kahulumeni yase-Argentina.
- Ucingo. Inkampani yezokuxhumana yezizwe ngezizwe.
- Ezokuxhumana ngocingo. Inkampani yezokuxhumana yase-Argentina.
- Google. Injini yokusesha esetshenziswa kakhulu kuwebhu.
- UManzana. Imishini ye-elekthronikhi kanye nenkampani yesoftware.
- I-Pemex. Umkhiqizi kawoyela wombuso waseMexico.
- Peñoles. Ukuxhashazwa kwezimayini zaseMexico.
- I-Televisa. Imidiya yaseMexico.
Izibonelo zama-oligopolies
- Pepsico. Inkampani yezizwe ngezizwe yokudla neziphuzo.
- UNestle. Inkampani yezizwe ngezizwe yokudla neziphuzo.
- EzikaKellogg. Inkampani yezolimo yezizwe ngezizwe.
- UDanone. Inkampani yaseFrance yezolimo.
- I-Nike. Idizayini yezimpahla zezemidlalo kanye nenkampani yokukhiqiza.
- Iqembu leBimbo. Ibhikawozi yamazwe ngamazwe.
- I-Visa. Izinsizakalo zezezimali zomhlaba wonke.
- UMc Donald´s. Uchungechunge lwaseMelika lwezitolo zokudla okusheshayo.
- Okwangempela. Inkampani yezimonyo yaseFrance nenkampani yamakha.
- IMars. Umkhiqizi wokudla wezizwe ngezizwe.
- UMondeléz. Inkampani yezizwe ngezizwe yokudla neziphuzo.
- I-Intel. Umkhiqizi wesifunda ohlanganisiwe.
- I-Walmart. Izitolo nezitolo ezinkulu.
- Unilever. Umkhiqizi wamazwe omhlaba wokudla, inhlanzeko nezinto zenhlanzeko yomuntu siqu.
- I-Procter & Gamble (P&G). Umkhiqizi wamazwe omhlaba wokudla, inhlanzeko nezinto zenhlanzeko yomuntu siqu.
- ILala Group. Inkampani yokudla yaseMexico.
- AB inbev. Abakhiqizi bamazwe ngamazwe bezinyosi neziphuzo.
- Qhubeka: Imikhawulo yemakethe
