Imisebenzi yolimi

-Delile

• Ukusetshenziswa komsebenzi owubonisayo
• Ukusetshenziswa komsebenzi ocacile noma onemizwa
• Ukusetshenziswa komsebenzi wokuphikisa
• Ukusetshenziswa komsebenzi we-metalinguistic
• Ukusetshenziswa komsebenzi wezinkondlo
• Izibonelo zomsebenzi we-phatic

I- Imisebenzi yolimi Zimele izinhloso nezinjongo ezahlukahlukene ezinikezwa ulimi lapho kuxhumana.

Izazi zolimi zifunde indlela yethu yokukhuluma zathola ukuthi zonke izilimi zishintsha ukwakheka nokusebenza kwazo ngokuya ngenhloso ezisetshenziselwe yona.

Ngokusho kwesazi sezilimi saseRussia u-Roman Jackobson, imisebenzi yolimi iyisithupha:

• Umsebenzi wokuqhathanisa noma wokufundisa. Igxila kokuqondisiwe nakumongo ngoba kungumsebenzi osetshenziselwa ukudlulisa imininingwane yezinhloso mayelana nakho konke okusizungezile: izinto, abantu, imicimbi, njll. Ngokwesibonelo: Bayanda abantu abathuthela emadolobheni.
• Umsebenzi ongokomzwelo noma ocacile. Igxila kokukhiphayo njengoba ifuna ukuxhumana nesimo sabo sangaphakathi (ngokomzwelo, ngokuzithoba, njll.). Ngokwesibonelo: Ngikuthukuthelele kakhulu.
• Ukudlulisa umsebenzi noma ukuxoxa. Igxila kumamukeli njengoba ifuna ukudlulisa imiyalo, isicelo noma okuthile okulindele ekuphenduleni. Ngokwesibonelo: Ngicela, ufake umsebenzi wesikole.
• Umsebenzi we-Metalinguistic. Igxila kwikhodi yolimi njengoba ifuna ukufaka ikhodi kumyalezo odlulisiwe. Yikhono lolimi lokuzichaza. Ngokwesibonelo: Izichasiso zenombolo yilezo ezihlinzeka ngolwazi mayelana nenani elivela ibizo.
• Umsebenzi wobunkondlo noma wobuhle. Igxila kakhulu kumlayezo njengoba isebenzisa ulimi ukucabangisisa, ukubonakalisa noma ukwenza ubuhle. Ngokwesibonelo: Ngikufuna emakhoneni onke kuwo wonke amadolobha, kepha angazi noma yiphupho elibi noma iphupho.
• Umsebenzi wePhatic noma wobudlelwano. Igxila esiteshini sezokuxhumana ngoba ihlose ukuqinisekisa ukuthi ukuxhumana kudluliswa ngendlela efanele nangokushelelayo. Ngokwesibonelo: Kuzwakala kukuhle?

Ukusetshenziswa komsebenzi owubonisayo

1. Ngokudlulisa ulwazi oluqinisekisekayo. Ngokwesibonelo. 2 + 2 kulingana no-4
2. Ngokubala imicimbi eyenzekile. Ngokwesibonelo: Ngafika e-Argentina ngo-Agasti 2014.
3. Ngokubika umcimbi njengoba kwenzeka. Ngokwesibonelo. Nkosikazi, isikhafu sakho siwile.
4. Lapho uqaphela isimo sento ethile. Ngokwesibonelo: Saphelelwa ngamazambane.
5. Ngokumemezela uchungechunge lwezenzakalo ezizayo. Ngokwesibonelo: Ngizokulanda esiteshini sesitimela kusasa.

• Bhekafuthi: Izibonelo zomsebenzi ezibhekiswayo

Ukusetshenziswa komsebenzi ocacile noma onemizwa

1. Ngokusebenzisa ibinzana elingokoqobo elingasho lutho. Ngokwesibonelo: Ngishisa ngokufa.
2. Lapho kukhulunywa ubuhlungu ngokuphendula okuzenzekelayo. Ngokwesibonelo: Hawu!
3. Ngokuvuma imizwa yethu kwabanye. Ngokwesibonelo: Babusisiwe amehlo!
4. Ngokusibuza imibuzo ngaphandle kokulinda impendulo. Ngokwesibonelo: Kungani mina?

• Bhekafuthi: Izibonelo zokusebenza ngokomzwelo

Ukusetshenziswa komsebenzi wokuphikisa

1. Lapho ucela imininingwane mayelana nokuthile. Ngokwesibonelo: Ngicela, ungitshele isikhathi
2. Ngokucela ukusabela kwabanye. Ngokwesibonelo: Ungangivumela ngidlule?
3. Ngokunikeza i-oda eliqondile. Ngokwesibonelo: Yidla konke ukudla!
4. Lapho ucela insizakalo. Ngokwesibonelo: Ngicela, isheki!

• Bhekafuthi: Izibonelo zomsebenzi wesikhalazo

Ukusetshenziswa komsebenzi we-metalinguistic

1. Lapho ubuza ngento engaqondakali. Ngokwesibonelo: Ukhuluma ngobani?
2. Ngokungazi igama lomqondo. Ngokwesibonelo: Yini igama ledivayisi oyilethe ngolunye usuku?
3. Ngokungayazi incazelo yegama. Ngokwesibonelo: Yini leyo puerperium, Maria?
4. Lapho uchazela umfokazi umbuzo othile ngolimi lwethu. Ngokwesibonelo: EPeru sithi "Izokuna" njengendlela yokusongela ukudlala.
5. Ngokuchazela othile imithetho yohlelo lolimi. Ngokwesibonelo: Mina, wena, yena… izabizwana, hhayi izindatshana.

• Bhekafuthi: Izibonelo zomsebenzi we-metalinguistic

Ukusetshenziswa komsebenzi wezinkondlo

1. Lapho kwakhiwa izigaxa zolimi, okuwukuphela komsebenzi ophikisayo yinselelo yokukwazi ukuzisho. Ngokwesibonelo: I-Erre con erre cigar, i-erre con erre barrel.
2. Ngokusebenzisa ukujika kusuka ku-couplet ethandwayo. Ngokwesibonelo: Noma ngubani oya eSeville ulahlekelwa yisihlalo sakhe.
3. Lapho uhlola inkondlo esimweni esithile, ngenjabulo yokuzwa ubuhle bayo. Ngokwesibonelo: Ngidinga ulwandle ngoba luyangifundisa: / angazi noma ngiyawufunda yini umculo noma ukwazi: / angazi noma ngabe yigagasi lodwa noma lijulile / noma liyizwi elihoshozelayo kuphela noma elikhazimulayo / lokucatshangelwa kwezinhlanzi nemikhumbi. (Amavesi kaPablo Neruda).
4. Ngokusebenzisa isisho sesitayela ukunikeza ukugcizelela noma amandla kulokho esifuna ukukuxhumana. Ngokwesibonelo: Intwasahlobo ihambile nawe.
5. Lapho ubhala noma ufunda umsebenzi wokubhala.

• Bhekafuthi: Izibonelo zomsebenzi wezinkondlo

Izibonelo zomsebenzi we-phatic

• Ngokuqala ingxoxo nokubheka ukuthi ayizwakali yini. Ngokwesibonelo: Sawubona? Yebo?
• Ngokucela ukucaciselwa okuthile esasingakuqondi. Ngokwesibonelo: Ah? Hheyi?
• Ngokuxhumana ngokusebenzisa indawo edinga amakhodi athile, njengomsakazo. Ngokwesibonelo: Ngaphezulu nangaphandle.
• Lapho sikhuluma nomunye, ukubazisa ukuthi siyalalela. Ngokwesibonelo: Kulungile, aha.
• Lapho ukhuluma nge-intercom. Ngokwesibonelo: Sawubona? Ithi?

• Bhekafuthi: Izibonelo zomsebenzi we-phatic