Amaminerali

-Delile

• Okufakwa kwamaminerali
• Amanye amaminerali akhona ngokwemvelo
• Ingakusiza
• Izinhlobo zamaminerali
• Izici

I- amamineraliZiyizinto ezingajwayelekile zokwakheka kwamakhemikhali okuchaziwe, okutholakala ezakhiweni ezahlukahlukene zamadwala ezivela ezinqubweni zokuqhekeka koqweqwe lomhlaba.

Yize amanye amaminerali akhiwe ngento eyodwa (amaminerali omdabu), iningi lawo selakhiwe kusuka ukusabela kwamakhemikhali lokho kwenzeka ezingxenyeni zokuqala zoqweqwe loMhlaba kudala futhi kufaka izakhi ezahlukahlukene zamakhemikhali.

Amaminerali amakhulu ahambelana nemindeni yamakhemikhali ye- ama-sulfide, ama-sulfate nama-sulfosalts; kukhona namaminerali ahlukahlukene ajwayelekile ama-oxide, ama-carbonates, ama-nitrate, ama-borate, ama-phosphates futhi ama-silicates.

Inani lenhlanganisela engenzeka ye- izakhi zamakhemikhali iyamangalisa ngempela futhi ichaza, ngokwengxenye, uhla olukhulu lwe ubujamo, imibala, amasayizi nokwakheka okwethulwe ngamaminerali. I-Atmospheric and geological phenomena nayo ibe nomthelela kulezi zinqubo zokwakheka.

Ingakusebenzela:

• Izibonelo zama-Igneous Rocks
• Izibonelo Zosawoti Wamaminerali

Okufakwa kwamaminerali

I- okumbiwa phansi kwamaminerali yizinqolobane zemvelo zalezi zinto umphakathi wanamuhla okufanele uhlangabezane nazo nezidingo ezikhulayo ze- umkhakha.

Ukufinyelela amaminerali, kuyadingeka izimayini, okungukuthi, imithombo evundlile yona ephumela ngaphandle ibe yimipheme evundlile.

Lokhu kusabalala kulandela ukulandela kwe- ore reefs ufuna ukuxhaphaza, kepha futhi ungenza imayini evulekile yomgodi, uma amaminerali ethe xaxa ngaphezulu.

I- izimayini umsebenzi onobungozi obukhulu emsebenzini ngenxa yamathuba ezingozi futhi angenampilo kakhulu, ngenxa yesifiso sezinto ezicasulayo zomgudu wokuphefumula.

Amaminerali angamashumi amabili abhalwe ngezansi, njengesibonelo:

1. i-chalcopyrite: ngombala ophuzi, isikhathi esiningi sitholakala kwifomu enkulu. Cishe izingxenye ezimbili kwezintathu zesisindo salo zihambisana nensimbi nethusi, ngakho-ke i-chalcopyrite isetshenziselwa ukusetshenziswa kwezimboni. Kwezinye izimo ungaba negolide nesiliva, ngakho-ke inzalo yalo iyakhula.
2. azurite: kuyiminerali ethambile enemibala eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, ehlotshaniswa ne-malachite, imboza amaminerali ahlukahlukene akhona engxenyeni engenhla yamadiphozithi. Isetshenziswa njengetshe lokuhlobisa futhi njengembala.
3. malachite: ikhishwe etsheni elithambile okufakwa kwalo okuyinhloko eZaire namuhla. Ijwayele ukusetshenziselwa ubucwebe, yize izakhiwo zokwelapha nazo kuthiwa zenziwa kuyo.
4. magnetite: etholakala ezinhlotsheni ezihlukene zamadwala angama-igneous noma ama-metamorphic, iyiminerali yensimbi. I-brittle futhi ilukhuni, futhi izinzile kakhulu emazingeni okushisa aphezulu, okwenza kube isivikelo esihle samashubhu abilayo. Ukusetshenziswa kwezimboni kufinyelela ekwakhiweni, lapho kusetshenziselwa khona ukhonkolo.
5. igolide lomdabu: insimbi eyigugu esetshenziswa kakhulu kubucwebe nakubakhandi begolide, nayo esetshenziswa kwezobuchwepheshe, ubudokotela bamazinyo nobuciko beplastiki. Intengo yayo ephezulu ixhunyaniswe nokuntuleka nobunzima bokuyithola, lokhu kunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwayo.
6. aragonite: ngobuningi bemibala, itholakala emithanjeni ye-hydrothermal, imvamisa ezimeni zokushisa eziphansi. Ezinye izinhlobo zisetshenziswa njengamatshe okuhlobisa.
7. siderite: yakhiwa ezindaweni ezingamaxhaphozi ezicebile ngezinto eziphilayo, inombala phakathi konsundu ephuzi nampunga oluhlaza okotshani. Ukubaluleka kwayo okuyisisekelo kukhishwa kwensimbi, yingakho ibonakala njengombiwa ophambili embonini yensimbi.
8. i-bauxite: idwala elenziwe ikakhulukazi nge-alumina. Ngokuvamile kuyabusazeka futhi kulula, kuthambile futhi kufana nobumba. Isetshenziswa njengento eluhlaza ukuthola i-aluminium, okuyenza ibaluleke kakhulu, ngoba i-aluminium ibalulekile ezimbonini ezahlukahlukene.
9. kerussite: iza ngemibala phakathi kokumhlophe, okumpunga noma okumnyama, yize futhi kungenakubala. Ihlotshaniswa namaminerali ayisisekelo afana ne-galena ne-sphalerite, imele umthombo obalulekile wokuthola ukuhola.
10. pyrite: amaminerali afana negolide, asetshenziselwa ukuthola i-sulfuric acid. Ukufana kwazo negolide kube ngumthombo wenkohliso, yize ngamehlo aqeqeshiwe kungamaminerali amabili ahlukaniswayo.
11. rhodochrosite: amaminerali akhiwe ngokuyisisekelo nge-magnesium carbonate, obomvu kuya opinki, obala kancane. Itholakala e-Argentina, e-United States naseRussia, futhi ukusetshenziswa kwayo kusuka ebucwebe kuye ekwenzeni ama-statuettes.
12. asebenza ngebhethri: ayinambala esimweni sayo esimsulwa, kepha iyakwazi ukwamukela imibala ehlukile lapho ihlanganisiwe. Inezakhiwo ze-piezoelectric (iphendula ezenzweni zomshini ngokukhiqiza ugesi), esetshenziselwa ukuqala kwamadivayisi. Ungumbiwa omningi kakhulu emhlabeni, kanti amadiphozi aseBrazil yiwona asizakala kakhulu emhlabeni.
13. feldspars: amaminerali aqinile futhi anenala, amelana namazinga okushisa aphezulu (angaphezu kuka-900 ° C). Basebenzele ukwakhiwa kwamafutha okushisela, nasembonini yezingilazi nobumba.
14. imicah emnyama: yakha u-3.8% woqweqwe lomhlaba, inezici ezinjengokumelana nokushisa namanzi, okwenza kube yisisekelo samaminerali embonini. Ama-motors kagesi akhiwe nge-mica, encibilika kuphela emazingeni okushisa angaphezu kwe-1200 ° C.
15. i-olivine: imvamisa iluhlaza okotshani, yize ngezikhathi ezithile ingenambala. I-semi-hard futhi itholakala ku-metamorphosed dolomitic limestone. Amatshe aqukethe asetshenziselwa ukwenziwa kwezinto ezinenkani, futhi izinhlobo zazo ezisobala ziyafunwa njengamagugu enani.
16. calcite: indawo esemqoka yezimabula nokunye ukwakheka okunjalo. Isetshenziselwa ukukhipha ukungcola okuyisilinda futhi isetshenziswa embonini ye-optical. Kungaba nemibala ehlukene.
17. sakaza: ikhishwa emigodini evulekile noma ezinkwalini ezingaphansi komhlaba, ngokujwayelekile, ngemisebenzi edinga amandla amaningi. Le minerali inokusetshenziswa okuningi, kepha ngaphandle kokungabaza okuyinhloko ukuhlanganisa ingxube esetshenziswa embonini yezokwakha.
18. isibabule: isici esiphuzi esingeyona insimbi. Inamandla amakhulu omlilo futhi iyancibilika emanzini ngazo zonke izinhlobo zayo. Kuyingxenye yemisebenzi eminingi yabantu.
19. i-borax: ikristalu emhlophe encibilika kalula emanzini. Kutholakala kuma-detergents kanye ne-pesticides, kubucwebe be-soldering igolide nesiliva, nasembonini yezingilazi nezinkuni.
20. usawoti: izindawo ezinkulu zaseNingizimu Melika zimbozwe amafulethi kasawoti aqukethe usawoti ohlukile, kufaka phakathi i-sodium chloride, okwenziwa ngayo usawoti wetafula.

Amanye amaminerali akhona ngokwemvelo

Ingakusiza

• Izibonelo zama-Igneous Rocks
• Izibonelo Zemboni Esindayo
• Izibonelo Zosawoti Wamaminerali

Izinhlobo zamaminerali

Amaminerali angaba nesakhiwo se-microscopic esi-odiwe, elandela iphethini elungisiwe, noma elingahlelekile kahle, ngaphandle kwesimo esiqondile noma ukuhleleka.

Abokuqala bayabizwa amaminerali amakristalu, Lezi zakha amavolumu wejometri afana namacube, ama-prism, amaphiramidi nokunye. Amatshe amaningi okuthiwa ayigugu, asetshenziselwa ubucwebe, akhona lapho. Imizuzwana yile amaminerali amorphous.

Futhi, kukhona izinsimbi zensimbi nezingezona ezensimbi. Ukusuka kokungaphambilini, izinsimbi ezibalulekile zingatholwa umkhakha, njengensimbi, ithusi noma umthofu; lezi zokugcina zibizwa nangokuthi amaminerali i-petrogenetics, ngoba ahlotshaniswa namanye amaminerali akha amatshe, futhi anezicelo ezibalulekile, ikakhulukazi ekwandisweni kwezinto ze ukwakhiwa, njenge-lime noma usimende.

Izici

Izici zamaminerali zibalulekile ekusetshenzisweni kwazo. Lokhu kuvame ukuhlukaniswa ngezinhlobo ezintathu: iJiyomethri, ngokomzimba nangamakhemikhali.

Lezo ezimise kakhulu ukusetshenziswa kwazo yizo izakhiwo zomzimba nezamakhemikhali, okubandakanya izimfanelo ezinjengobulukhuni noma ukuqina; i-optical efana ne-refringence ne-electromagnetic like ukuqhuba nokuheha kazibuthe. Ukulinganisa noma ukugqama nakho kungathakazelisa.