-Delile
AUhlelo Lokusebenza (OS) uhlelo noma iqoqo lezinhlelo zohlelo lwekhompyutha, olulawula izinsizakusebenza (hardware), izivumelwano zokwenziwa kwakho konke okuqukethwe (isoftware), kanye ne-interface yomsebenzisi.
Izinhlelo zokusebenza (kwesinye isikhathi zibizwa cores noma izinhlamvu) zenziwa ngendlela enelungelo uma kuqhathaniswa nenye ingxenye ye- isoftware, ayitshe legumbi lokusebenza kweqembu, ukusebenza kwayo okuyisisekelo okuvumela ukusebenza kwezinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zezinhlelo zokusebenza ngumsebenzisi.
Lezi zinhlelo zitholakala kumadivayisi amaningi we-elekthronikhi esiwasebenzisa nsuku zonke, noma ngabe ngokusebenzisa indawo yokuqhafaza yomsebenzisi, izindawo zedeskithophu, abaphathi bamawindi noma imigqa yomyalo, kuya ngohlobo lokusebenza.
Ingakusebenzela:
- Izibonelo ze-Hardware
- Izibonelo Zesoftware
- Izibonelo Zamadivayisi Wokufaka
- Izibonelo Zamadivayisi Okukhipha
- Izibonelo zamapheripherali (nomsebenzi wazo)
Izinhlobo Zama-Operating Systems
Izinhlelo Zokusebenza zingahlukaniswa ngokwemigomo ehlukahlukene:
- Ngokuya ngemibandela yokuphathwa komsebenzi wakho. Kukhona ama-Operating Systems womsebenzi owodwa, avumela ukwenziwa kohlelo olulodwa ngasikhathi (ngaphandle kwezinqubo ze-OS uqobo), kuze kuphele noma kuphazanyiswe; nalabo bantu abaningi abaphatha izinsiza ze-CPU ukuvumela umuzwa othile wokufanelana.
- Ngokuya ngemibandela yokuphathwa komsebenzisi wakho. Ngokufanayo, kune-OS eyodwa yomsebenzisi, ekhawulela ukwenziwa ezinhlelweni zomsebenzisi oyedwa, kanye nabasebenzisi abaningi abavumela ukwenziwa ngasikhathi sinye kwezinhlelo zabasebenzisi abahlukile.
- Ngokusho kokuphathwa kwezinsizakusebenza zakho. Kukhona ama-OS aphakathi nendawo, anciphisa indawo yawo ethonya kwikhompyutha eyodwa noma uhlelo; kanti amanye asatshalaliswa, avumela ukuphatha amaqembu amaningi ngasikhathi sinye.
Izibonelo Zokusebenza Kwamasistimu
I-MS Windows. Ngaphandle kokungabaza okuthandwa kakhulu yi-OS, yize kuyisethi ye- ukwabiwa (indawo yokusebenza) eyakhelwe ukuhlinzeka ama-Operating Systems amadala (njenge-MS-DOS) ngensiza yokubonisana nokusekelwa namathuluzi esoftware. Uhlobo lwayo lokuqala lwavela ngo-1985 Futhi kusukela lapho ayikaze iyeke ukuzibuyekeza yona ngezinhlobo ezinamandla kakhulu nezinhlobonhlobo, njengoba iMicrosoft, inkampani yayo engunina, inqoba emakethe yezobuchwepheshe bedijithali.
I-GNU / Linux. Leli gama lisho ukusetshenziswa okuhlanganisiwe kwe- izinhlamvu mahhala emndenini we-Unix obizwa nge- "Linux", kanye nokusatshalaliswa kwe-GNU, nakho kukhululekile. Umphumela ungomunye wabalingisi abaphambili ekwakhiweni kwesoftware yamahhala, lapho ikhodi yomthombo ingasetshenziswa ngokukhululeka, iguqulwe futhi isatshalaliswe kabusha.
UNIX. Lolu hlelo olusebenzisekayo, olunemisebenzi eminingi, olusebenzisa abasebenzisi abaningi lwakhiwa ekuqaleni kuka-1969, futhi eminyakeni edlule amalungelo alo ilungelo lobunikazi badlulile besuka kwenye inkampani baya kwenye. Empeleni ngumndeni we-OS efanayo, iningi lazo selibe ngelezentengiso kanti ezinye ziyifomethi yamahhala, konke kusuka ku-Linux kernel.
UFedora. Empeleni kungukusatshalaliswa kwe-Linux kwenhloso ejwayelekile, okuvele ngemuva kokumiswa kwe- I-Red Hat Linux, axhumene kakhulu nayo kodwa eyavela njengephrojekthi yomphakathi. Leli elinye igama elibalulekile lapho kukhulunywa ngalo isoftware yamahhala nomthombo ovulekile, ezinguqulweni zawo ezintathu eziyinhloko: Indawo Yokusebenzela, ifu neServer.
Ubuntu. Ngokususelwa ku-GNU / Linux, lo Mthombo wokuSebenza wamahhala futhi ovulekile uthatha igama lawo kwifilosofi yaseNingizimu Afrika egxile ekwethembekeni komuntu kuzo zonke izinhlobo zezinto eziphilayo. Ngalo mqondo, Ubuntu bumayelana nokukhululeka nenkululeko yokusebenzisa, yize iCanonical, inkampani yaseBrithani enamalungelo ayo, iphila ngesisekelo sezinsizakalo zobuchwepheshe ezixhumene nohlelo.
IMacOS. Uhlelo lokusebenza lweMachintosh, olwaziwa nangokuthi yi-OSX noma iMac OS X, imvelo yalo isuselwe ku-Unix futhi yathuthukiswa futhi yathengiswa njengengxenye yamakhompyutha we-Apple-brand kusukela ngo-2002. Ingxenye yalo mndeni wesoftware yakhishwa yi-Apple njengenhlangano evulekile futhi Umthombo osebenzayo weSystem Operating System obizwa ngeDarwin, lapho kamuva bangeze khona izinto ezinjenge-Aqua ne-Finder, ukuthola isikhombimsebenzisi lapho iMac OS X, inguqulo yayo yakamuva, isekelwe.
Solaris. Olunye uhlelo olufana ne-Unix, olwenziwe ngo-1992 ngabakwaSun Microsystems futhi olusetshenziselwe namuhla ukwakhiwa kohlelo lwe-SPARC (Ukwakhiwa Kwamaphrosesa Angahleleki) kanye ne-x86, ejwayelekile kumaseva nasezindaweni zokusebenza. Yinguqulo eqinisekiswe ngokusemthethweni ye-Unix inguqulo yayo ekhishwe ibizwa nge-OpenSolaris.
I-Haiku. Isistimu yokusebenza yomthombo ovulekile igxile kuzici zomuntu siqu zekhompyutha ne-multimedia, ekhuthazwe yi-BeOS (Be Operating System), ehambisana nayo. Ubucayi bayo obukhulu bulele ekutheni kungenzeka ukuthi kukhiqizwe ukusatshalaliswa komsebenzisi ngamunye. Njengamanje iyathuthukiswa.
I-BeOS. Ithuthukiswe ngo-1990 yi-Be Incorporated, iyi-PC Operating System ehlose ukukhulisa ukusebenza kwe-multimedia. Kuthiwa ibisuselwa ku-Unix, ngenxa yokufakwa kwesixhumi esibonakalayo somyalo weBash, kepha akusikho: Ama-BeOs ane-modular micro-core yangempela, elungiselelwe kakhulu ukuphatha umsindo, ividiyo nevidiyo egqwayizayo. Futhi, ngokungafani ne-Unix, ngumsebenzisi oyedwa.
I-MS-DOS. Izichasiso ze Uhlelo Lokusebenza lwe-MicroSoft Disk (I-MicroSoft Disk Operating System), ibingenye yezinhlelo ezaziwa kakhulu ze-Operating Systems ze-IBM computer kuma-1980s phakathi naphakathi kweminyaka yama-1990. Yasebenza ngokususelwa ochungechungeni lwemiyalo yangaphakathi nangaphandle, kusixhumi esibonakalayo se-monochrome semigqa. umugqa.
Hlela 9 kusuka kwaBell Labs. Noma umane uthi "Hlela 9", uthatha igama layo ochungechungeni oludumile lwe-Sci-fi movie B Hlela 9 kusuka kuMkhathi ongaphandle ngu-Ed Wood. Yenzelwe ukuphumelela i-Unix njengohlelo olusatshalaliswa olusetshenziswayo, olusetshenziswa ocwaningweni, futhi lwaziwa ngokumelela konke ukuxhumana kwalo njengohlelo lwefayela.
I-HP-UX. Yinguqulo ye-Unix eyenziwe yinkampani yezobuchwepheshe edumile iHewlett Packard kusukela ngo-1983, isebenzisa ukuzinza kwayo okwedume kakhulu, ukuguquguquka kwemvelo, amandla nohla lwayo lwezicelo, oluvamile ezinhlotsheni eziningi zezohwebo ze-Unix. Luhlelo olugcizelele ukuphepha nokuvikelwa kwedatha, mhlawumbe ngenxa yezicelo zalo eziningi zezimboni.
I-Wave OS. Isistimu yokusebenza yamahhala nevulekile yamakhompyutha wedeskithophu, iyi-project ezimele ngokuphelele yezinkampani zesoftware, efisa ukuba yi-OS elula, elula futhi esheshayo enezinhlelo zokusebenza nezimpawu eziqondakalayo ngabasebenzisi abangaphansi kongoti. Ngaphandle kokuboshwa kubuchwepheshe obudala, iyahambisana ne-GNU / Linux futhi okwamanje iyakhiwa.
I-Chrome OS. Njengamanje esigabeni sephrojekthi, kucatshangwa ukuthi i-Operating System yenkampani yakwa-Google, isuselwa kuwebhu nakumthombo ovulekile we-Linux kernel, eqale yaqondiswa ezincwadini zokubhalela ezincanyana ezine-ARM noma i-x86 processors technology. Le phrojekthi yamenyezelwa ngonyaka we-2009, ngemuva komhloli wamazwe i-Google Chrome kanye nephrojekthi yakho yomthombo ovulekile I-Chromium OS zizokhombisa imiphumela emakethe emihle kakhulu.
ISabayon Linux. Ithathwe egameni layo kusuka kuswidi ojwayelekile wase-Italy, "zabaione”, Lokhu kusatshalaliswa kweLinux kusekelwe kuGentoo Linux, inguqulo endala ehloselwe abasebenzisi abanolwazi oluningi. Kutholakala ezindaweni ezahlukahlukene zedeskithophu, kungumthombo ovulekile futhi okhululekile, kuhloswe ekuphathweni okuphelele ngokwengeziwe kwezinsiza zohlelo ngumsebenzisi.
I-Tuquito. Ngokwangempela kuvela e-Argentina, lokhu kusatshalaliswa kwe-GNU / Linux kusebenzisa ubuchwepheshe be-LiveCD, ngaphandle kwezinhlelo zayo ezi-2 zamaGigabyte ezinamaphakeji ahlukahlukene asetshenziswa ezindaweni ezahlukahlukene. Kususelwe ku-Ubuntu naku-Debian GNU / Linux, kepha ngombala wendawo oqinile oqala ngegama lawo, obhekisa kuzimpukane.
I-Android. Ngokuya nge-Linux kernel, le OS yamadivayisi weselula wesikrini sokuthinta (Ama-Smartphones, Amathebulethi, njll.) yathuthukiswa yi-Android Inc. futhi kamuva yathengwa yiGoogle. Kuyaziwa kakhulu namuhla ukuthi ukuthengiswa kwezinhlelo ze-Android kudlula i-IOS (Macintosh) neWindows Phone ndawonye.
I-Debian. Ngamathuluzi weLinux kernel ne-GNU, le OS yamahhala yakhiwe kusukela ngo-1993 kusuka ekubambisaneni kwezinkulungwane zabasebenzisi abavela kuwo wonke umhlaba, baqoqwe ngaphansi kwesibhengezo se- "Debian Project", kude nazo zonke izinhlobo zezentengiso. Isoftware futhi isebenza ngokuzimela .
ICanaima GNU / Linux. Uhlobo lwaseVenezuela lwe-GNU / Linux, elwela ukusetshenziswa kwesoftware ngezinjongo zokufundisa nezenhlalo, umthombo wamahhala novulekile, lwethulwa ngo-2007 njengengxenye yephrojekthi yezemfundo yasendaweni.
IBlackBerry OS. Umthombo ovaliwe we-OS ofakwe kumaselula omkhiqizo weBlackBerry, uvumela i- ukwenza imisebenzi eminingi (ukwenza imisebenzi eminingi) futhi isekela izindlela ezahlukahlukene zokufaka, kumamodeli ahlukahlukene wefoni wenkampani. Amandla ayo anjenge-imeyili yesikhathi sangempela nomphathi wekhalenda.
Bangakukhonza
- Izibonelo ze-Hardware
- Izibonelo Zesoftware
- Izibonelo Zamadivayisi Wokufaka
- Izibonelo Zamadivayisi Okukhipha
- Izibonelo zamapheripherali (nomsebenzi wazo)
