-Delile
I- ukungathuthuki Kungumqondo owakhelwe ngokukhethekile ukubheka umehluko omkhulu okhona phakathi kwamazwe ngokwezinga lawo lentuthuko emandleni okukhiqiza, kepha ahlobene nokukwazi ukufinyelela emisebenzini ethile iningi lezakhamizi zezwe.
Kwesinye isikhathi kubizwa inqwaba yamazwe angathuthukile 'kunqubo yentuthuko'.
Izici zezomnotho
I- umsebenzi wezomnotho wamazwe angathuthuki kahleImvamisa kukhawulelwe ekukhiqizeni izimpahla eziyinhloko, okungukuthi, ezihlobene nezolimo.
Ekugcineni, kunezimboni ezithile ezikhuthazwa yizinqubomgomo ezithile zomphakathi, noma amadolobha lapho umkhakha wezinsizakalo unamandla kepha ngokungangabazeki into esemqoka ukukhiqizwa kwezinto zokusetshenziswa: impela, imakethe yomhlaba izofuna lolu hlobo lwemikhiqizo ezweni elingathuthuki.
Ukukhiqizwa kwabasebenzi kuphansi, ngisho nasemkhakheni oyinhloko, uma kuqhathaniswa namazwe athuthukile.
Izici zomphakathi
Kuhlelo amazwe athuthukile umholo womuntu ngamunye uhlale uphansi, futhi kunamazinga aqinile wokuwohloka kwezinkomba zomphakathi njengokudla, isikhathi sokuphila kanye nokufa kwezinsana.
Izinga lezemfundo liphansi impela, futhi uma kuqhathaniswa namazwe athuthukile inani labantu abangafundile liphakeme kakhulu.
Ukutholakala kwezokunakekelwa kwempilo nakho kuphansi kakhulu, futhi izimo zokuhamba ngaphakathi ezweni zivame ukuba sengozini kakhulu kunasemazweni athuthukile: njengoba kubonakala, iningi lezici livame ukugcizelela umehluko.
"Izindlela Zokuthuthuka"
Ihlelo 'kunqubo yentuthuko'Kuphendula ukucatshangelwa kwendlela engavumelekile yamazwe ngendlela efanayo engacatshangwa ngandlela thile (kancane kancane amazwe ayezimela, ethola intando yeningi futhi eqinisekisa amalungelo omphakathi).
Kodwa-ke, kunzima ukucabanga ngesimo lapho amazwe asathuthuka ebamba khona intuthuko futhi ahlangabezana nalezo ezithuthukisiwe njengamanje.
Umsuka wentuthuko engathuthuki
I- umbono wokuncika Yakhiwa engxenyeni yesibili yekhulu lama-20 futhi izwakalisa ukuthi umehluko ukhona phakathi kwesikhungo kanye nomngcele, lapho owokuqala enobuchwepheshe bamuva bokukhiqiza imikhiqizo enenani eliphakeme elengeziwe, efuna kuphela izinto zokusetshenziswa ezikhiqizwa emazweni angathuthukile (periphery) engeza inani elingaphansi kakhulu.
Uma noma yiliphi izwe elingathuthuki kahle lifuna ukudlulela eqenjini lamazwe athuthukile, kuzodingeka ukuthi lenze uguquko kwezomnotho olungenakwenzeka, futhi luzogcina kuphela ngokuqongelela izikweletu futhi kudlule isikhathi eside esibucayi.
Ngakho-ke, akuyona indlela eya entuthukweni amanye amazwe asevele eyinqobile futhi amanye engakafiki kuyo, kepha kunalokho a isakhiwo somnotho womhlaba lokho kwenze kwaba nokwenzeka ushintsho oluhle kakhulu olwenziwe ngongxiwankulu emhlabeni, kepha nokuthi lunezikweletu zezimo ezimbi zokuhlala kwamanye amazwe athuthukile.
Ngemuva kwalokho i- uhlu lwamazwe angathuthuki kahle, igxile kulawo mazwe anezinga elibi kakhulu lentuthuko yabantu:
| Afghanistan | ELiberia |
| IBangladesh | EMozambiki |
| IBurma | ENepal |
| IBurkina faso | ENiger |
| IBurundi | Pakistan |
| ECambodia | IPapua New Guinea |
| I-Chad | ICentral African Republic |
| IGuinea | IDemocratic Republic of Congo |
| IHaiti | I-East Timor |
| I-Leone Sierra Leone | I-Yemen |
