Izibonelo Zosawoti Abane-asidi - Encyclopedia

Ividiyo: Make salt from a special water stream: Survival Alone | EP.112

-Delile

Ukuqanjwa kwamagama kasawoti one-asidi
Izibonelo zikasawoti one-asidi

Kuhlelo i-chemistry engaphili, kukhulunywa nge Usawoti lapho sibhekisela izinhlanganisela ezitholakala lapho i-asidi inama-athomu ayo e-hydrogen esikhundleni sawo ngama-radicals ayisisekelo, okuthi esimweni esithile se- usawoti we-asidi, zohlobo olubi (ama-cations). Ngokuthi bahlukaniswa ne- usawoti ongathathi hlangothi noma usawoti kanambambili.

Usawoti kuvame ukwakhiwa ngokuphendula phakathi kwe-asidi ne-hydroxide (isisekelo). Kulokhu kusabela, imvamisa isisekelo silahlekelwa ngamaqembu e-hydroxyl (-OH) ne-asidi ama-athomu e-hydrogen (H), akha usawoti ongathathi hlangothi; kepha uma i-asidi okukhulunywa ngayo ilondoloza elinye lama-athomu alo e-hydrogen, iguqula ukukhokhiswa kukagesi kokuphendula, sizothola usawoti we-asidi noma usawoti we-hydrogenated.

Ngakho-ke, isibonelo, i-lithium bicarbonate itholakala ku-lithium hydroxide ne-carbonic acid:

I-LiOH + H₂CO₃ = Li (HCO₃) + H₂NOMA

Ukuphendula, njengoba kuzobonwa, nakho kuphonsa amanzi njengomkhiqizo.

Ukuqanjwa kwamagama kasawoti one-asidi

Ngokwesiqeshana sokusebenza esisebenzayo, kosawoti abane-asidi indlela yendabuko yokuqamba usawoti ongathathi hlangothi kufanele isetshenziswe kusuka kuzijobelelo -i noma -ite, kepha kwandulelwe isiqalo esibonisa inani lama-athomu e-hydrogen afakwe esikhundleni use i-molecule. Ngakho-ke, ngokwesibonelo, i-lithium bicarbonate (LiHCO₃) izoba nama-athomu amabili e-hydrogen (bi = amabili).

Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ngokusho kwesibongo sesistimu, igama i-hydrogen egameni elijwayelekile likasawoti otholakele, ngokuhlonipha iziqalo ezibhekisa kuma-athomu e-hydrogen athathelwe indawo. Ngakho-ke, i-lithium hydrogen carbonate noma i-lithium hydrogen carbonate izoba izindlela zokuqamba i-lithium bicarbonate efanayo (LiHCO₃).

Izibonelo zikasawoti one-asidi

I-Sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO₃). Ebizwa nangokuthi i-sodium hydrogen carbonate (IV), iyi-crystalline emhlophe eqinile, encibilikayo emanzini, engatholakala emvelweni esimweni sezimbiwa noma ingakhiqizwa elebhu. Ngenye kasawoti one-asidi kakhulu owaziwayo futhi usetshenziswa kakhulu ekoneni, ekhemisi noma ekwenzeni iyogathi.
ILithium bicarbonate (LiHCO₃). Lo sawoti we-asidi usetshenziswe njenge-ejenti yokuthwebula ye-CO₂ ezimeni lapho igesi enjalo ingathandeki, njengaseNyakatho Melika "Apollo" ohambweni lwasemkhathini.
I-potassium dihydrogen phosphate (KH₂PO₄). I-crystalline eqinile, engenaphunga, encibilikayo emanzini, kabanzi esetshenziswa ezimbonini ezahlukahlukene ezinjengemvubelo yokudla, umenzeli okhohlisayo, isiqinisi sokudla okunempilo kanye nomsizi ezinqubweni zokuvutshelwa.
Isodium bisulfate (NaHSO₄). Usawoti we-acid owakhiwa ukungathathi hlangothi kwe-sulfuric acid, esetshenziswa kakhulu kwezimboni ekucwengweni kwensimbi, ekuhlanzeni imikhiqizo futhi yize inobuthi kakhulu kwamanye ama-echinoderms, isetshenziswa njengesengezo ekudleni kwesilwane nasekwenzeni ubucwebe.
I-Sodium hydrogen sulfide (NaHS). Inhlanganisela eyingozi yokuphathwa okuntekenteke, ngoba iyonakalisa kakhulu futhi inobuthi. Kungadala ukusha okukhulu kwesikhumba nokulimala kwamehlo, njengoba nakho kuyasha.
I-calcium hydrogen phosphate (CaHPO₄). Isetshenziswa njengesengezo sokudla ezinhlamvini zokusanhlamvu nasekondliweni kwemfuyo, kuyinto eqinile engenakunyibilika emanzini kepha ekwazi ukuqhakaza lapho ifakwe amanzi ngokudla ama-molecule amabili amanzi.
I-ammonium hydrogen carbonate ([NH₄] HCO₃). Yaziwa njenge-ammonium bicarbonate futhi isetshenziswa embonini yokudla njengemvubelo yamakhemikhali, yize inokubi kokubamba i-ammonia, enikeza ukudla ukunambitheka okungalungile uma kusetshenziswe ngokweqile. Ibuye isetshenziswe kuzicisha mlilo, ekwenzeni i-pigment, nanjenge-expander rubber.
I-Barium bicarbonate (Ba [HCO₃]₂). Usawoti omuncu okuthi uma ushisiwe ungaguqula ukuphendula kwawo kokukhiqiza futhi ungazinzile kakhulu ngaphandle kwesisombululo. Isetshenziswa kabanzi embonini ye-ceramic.
Isodium bisulfite (NaHSO₃). Lo usawoti awuzinzile ngokwedlulele futhi lapho kukhona i-oxygen utholakala ku-sodium sulfate, yingakho usetshenziswa embonini yokudla njengesilondolozi sokudla kanye ne-desiccant. Kuyinto ejenti yokwehlisa ngokweqile futhi evame ukusetshenziswa ngumuntu, nayo esetshenziselwa ukulungisa imibala.
I-calcium citrate (Ca₃[C₆H₅NOMA₇]₂). Ngokuvamile kwaziwa njengosawoti omunyu, usetshenziswa njengesilondolozi sokudla futhi njengesengezo sokudla okunempilo lapho ixhunyaniswe ne-amino acid lysine. Ungumgubo omhlophe, ongenaphunga, okristallini.
I-Monocalcium phosphate(Ca [H₂PO₄]₂). Okuqinile okungenambala okutholakala ekuphenduleni kwe-calcium hydroxide ne-phosphoric acid, Isetshenziswa kabanzi njenge-ejenti evusayo noma njengomanyolo emsebenzini wezolimo.
I-Dicalcium phosphate (CaHPO₄). Eyaziwa nangokuthi i-calcium monohydrogen phosphate, inezinhlobo ezintathu zamakristalu ezihlukile Zisetshenziswa njengesengezo ekudleni futhi zikhona ezintweni zokuxubha. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngokwemvelo yakhiwa ngamatshe ezinso nalokho okubizwa ngokuthi "itshe" lamazinyo.
I-Monomagnesium phosphate (MgH₄P₂NOMA₈). Isetshenziswa njenge-acidulant, acidity corrector noma i-ejenti ekwelapheni ufulawa, uwusawoti omhlophe ongenamakha, okristalu, oncibilikiswa kancane emanzini futhi isetshenziselwe ukulondolozwa kokudla.
I-diacetate yesodium (NaH [C₂H₃NOMA₂]₂). Lo usawoti usetshenziswa njengesithako sokunambitha nesokugcina ukudla lapho kudliwa, ukuvimbela noma ukubambezela ukubonakala kwesikhunta kanye ne-microbacteria, yomibili emikhiqizweni epakishwe ngemishini efana nemikhiqizo yenyama kanye nemboni kafulawa.
I-calcium bicarbonate (Ca [HCO₃]₂). Usawoti we-hydrogenated ovela ku-calcium carbonate, okhona kumaminerali afana ne-limestone, marble namanye. Lokhu kusabela kusho ukuthi kukhona amanzi ne-CO₂, ngakho-ke kungenzeka ngokuzenzakalela emihumeni nasemihumeni ecebile nge-calcium.
I-Rubidium acid fluoride (RbHF). Lo sawoti utholakala ekuphenduleni kwe-hydrofluoric acid (i-hydrogen ne-fluorine X) ne-Rubidium, insimbi ye-alikhali. Umphumela uyinhlanganisela enobuthi neyonakalisayo okufanele iphathwe ngokuqapha..
I-Monoammonium phosphate ([NH₄] H₂PO₄). Usawoti oncibilikayo wamanzi okhiqizwa ukusabela kwe-ammonia ne-phosphoric acid, kabanzi usetshenziswa njengomanyolo ngoba unikeza inhlabathi izakhamzimba ze-nitrogen ne-phosphorus ezidingekayo ekukhuleni kwezitshalo. Futhi kuyingxenye ye-ABC powder kwizicimi-mlilo.
I-zinc hydrogen orthoborate(Zn [HBO₃]). Usawoti usetshenziswa njenge-antiseptic futhi njengesengezo ekukhiqizeni izinto zobumba.
IMonosodium phosphate (NaH₂PO₄). Isetshenziswa kakhulu kumalabhorethri, njenge “sesikhashana”Noma isixazululo se-buffer, esivimbela ushintsho olungazelelwe ku-pH yesisombululo.
I-potassium hydrogen phthalate (KHP). Ebizwa nangokuthi i-potassium acid phthalate, iwusawoti oqinile futhi ozinzile emoyeni ojwayelekile, ngakho-ke kuvame ukusetshenziswa njengezinga eliyisisekelo ezilinganisweni ze- pH. Kuyasiza futhi njenge-agent buffering ku ukusabela kwamakhemikhali.