-Delile
I-imishini elula Yilawo madivayisi avumela ukuguqulwa kwamandla noma ukuqondiswa kwamandla afinyelela lapho angena khona ngendlela yomsebenzi womshini, futhi izingxenye zawo zingukuqina okuqinile.
I- imishini elulaasetshenziselwa ukwandisa amandla noma, njengoba kuphawuliwe, ukuze shintsha ikheli lakho; Umqondo uhlale njalo ukuthi umsebenzi udinga umzamo omncane nokuthi bese kuba lula, futhi kwesinye isikhathi kuphephe futhi. Ngokuphelele, kusetshenziswa imishini elula ukuguqula noma ukunxephezela amandla amelana noma ukuphakamisa isisindo ezimweni ezikahle kakhulu.
Esikhathini okuthiwa mamakhona ahlanganisiwe, izinzuzo zemishini emibili noma ngaphezulu elula zihlanganisiwe.
Kwavela imishini elula ukuxazulula izinkinga kubuzwe yi imisebenzi yansuku zonke ezikhathini zasendulo, kufaka phakathi ukuzingela, ukudoba noma ukuthuthwa kwezinto ezisindayo. Eqinisweni, izitsha ezithile zokuqala zadalwa, okwathi kamuva zapheleliswa futhi kwaba njalo lapho kwavela khona imishini yokuqala elula. Ungasho ukuthi leyo mishini yokuqala yayisebenza cishe njenge- ukwandiswa kwezandla zomuntu: kwakuyizinsimbi zokhuni zokumba, amatshe acijile okusika nokunye. Kepha ngaphandle kokungabaza, baveza izinguquko ezibalulekile emlandweni womuntu nasebudlelwaneni bakhe nomsebenzi.
Imishini elula ifaka leyo enayo iphuzu elilodwa lokusekela (okuhluka phakathi kwabo indawo yalokhu kusekelwa okushiwo) futhi sisebenzise ezinye zezimiso zomzimba eziyisisekelo Ini umzuzwana wamandla, umsebenzi, amandla, amandla futhi ukusebenza ngomshini. Kufanele kukhunjulwe ukuthi imishini elula ayiphunyuki emthethweni wokongiwa kwamandla: amandla awadalwa noma abhujiswe emshinini olula, aguqulwa kuphela.
Kunemishini elula eyisi-6
- Isigwedlo
- I-Pulley
- Indiza ethambekele
- Umbhede
- Amasondo nama-asi
- Izikulufu
I- isigwedlo, okunye okubaluleke kakhulu, ibha eqinile engazungeza iphuzu elingaguquki, i-fulcrum. Amandla asetshenzisiwe esigwedlweni abizwa ngokuthi amandla esisusa noma amandla namandla anqobayo ayaziwa ngokuthi ukumelanauku. Ubude besigwedlo bubalulekile ukunqoba ukumelana
I- isondo lokugijimisa indiphi elenzelwe into esindayo Isetshenziselwa ukukhulisa izinto ezisindayo ziye ekuphakameni okuthile. Kuyisondo lapho kudlula khona intambo ngaphandle; kwesinye seziphetho sentambo eshiwo a isisindo noma umthwalo, lokho iphakama lapho kusetshenziswa amandla amakhulu komunye umkhawulo. Kusebenza kokubili ukunciphisa amandla adingekayo wokuphakamisa izinto nokushintsha indlela. khona pulleys elula kanti amanye akhiwa amasondo amaningana; lezi zokugcina zibizwa ukukhwabanisa.
Ngo- indiza ethambekele okwenzekayo ukuthi isisindo samandla sihlehla sibe izingxenye ezimbili. Ngakho-ke, umzamo odingekayo wokuphakamisa umthwalo ungaphansi.
I- umbhede ngumzimba lapho ababili behlangana khona izindiza ezithile ezicijileLokhu kudala indawo yokuxhumana ethambile, evumela ukusika noma ukudwengula izinto eziqinile.
I- isondo ngumzimba oyindilinga ojikeleza cishe ngephuzu elingaguquki, elibizwa ngokuthi i-eksisi yokuzungezisa, imvamisa iyindilinga. Isetshenziselwa ukudlulisa ukunyakaza okujikelezayo phakathi kwamazembe, ukwenza lula ukuhamba kwezinto nabantu, njll.
I- isikulufa kuyinto nje Kuvunguza screwed indiza bathambekele, ukuphenduka ngakunye kubizwa intambo. Ukuze isikulufa singene emzimbeni ebusweni bayo siyahamba ukuphotha, amandla adingekayo ukuvula ijika ngalinye nokuqedela inqubo ahlala engaphansi kwaleyo edingekayo ukuyikhonkotha ngomugqa oqondile.
Izibonelo zemishini elula
Izinto eziningi, eziningi ezivela empilweni yansuku zonke, esizisebenzisayo ukuhamba, ukudlala noma emhlabeni womsebenzi, zisuselwa kumshini owodwa noma ngaphezulu kule mishini eyaziwayo eyisithupha. Imishini elula engamashumi amabili ibalwe ngezansi njengesibonelo:
- Ama-Norias: Bavumela ukukhishwa kwamanzi ngesimiso esiyisisekelo se-rosary ye-hydraulic. Ifakwa ngaphansi kwamanzi kancane futhi ngokuhamba okuqhubekayo kwenza ukukhishwa kwamanzi.
- Amaphampu wamanzi: Idivayisi ephakamisa, idlulise futhi icindezele uketshezi. Sebenzisa imigomo eyisisekelo exhumene nengcindezi.
- Cranes: Ngomphumela we-lever ikwazi ukuphakamisa isisindo ngogongolo, ngaleyo ndlela lenze amandla amancane, ilisebenzise ngama-pulleys ku-pivot ejikelezayo evumela ukunyakaza okuvundlile. Ukuzinza kwe-crane kuyenza ibaluleke kakhulu embonini yezokwakha.
- Slayida: Isebenzisa izisekelo zomshini olula 'othambekele endizeni', lapho kusetshenziswa amandla angaba khona, imiqondo yejubane nokusheshisa iyabandakanyeka, futhi kucatshangwa ukuthi awekho amandla okubanga (noma ukuthi lokhu kuncane).
- Phezulu naphansiUmphumela we-lever uhlanganiswe kulo mdlalo othandwayo nendiza ethambekele, uhlanganisa imishini emibili elula kukodwa, futhi usebenzise ngokunenzuzo isisindo namandla adonsela phansi, ngokususelwa endaweni yokusekela, ngaphambi kwesenzo samandla ukusabela kokumelana.
- Ibhala: Okuvamile endaweni yokwakha, ukuphatha ukusabalalisa isisindo ngokusiqondisa ngasemphethweni, okwenza kube lula ukusekela isisindo esikhulu kakhulu ngomzamo owodwa wokududula iloli.
- Igiya: I-Cogwheel eyenza into ihambe ngokushesha noma kancane, ngokusebenzisa amandla adingekayo ukuze ihanjiswe.
- I-Turnstile: Inhlanganisela yekhreyithi nesilinda, evumela ukuthi umzimba osindayo uphakanyiswe ngamandla aphansi kakhulu.
- Izembe: Ibalulekile ukuhlukanisa noma ukwenza i-lacerate (isibonelo, izinkuni zokubasa), inesiqeshana sensimbi esiqedile sakhiwe ngesigaxa, okuyisona esiklebhula futhi esivumela ukusikwa.
- Isikisi: Isibonelo esivamile sesigwedlo esisodwa, esihlanganisa amandla namandla ukufeza umsebenzi waso, lowo wokusika ngokujoyina izindwani ezimbili zensimbi.
- Umgodi: Sebenzisa i-pulley ukukhulisa noma ukwehlisa ibhakede, ngaleyo ndlela uphakamise ubukhulu bamanzi ngokuguqulwa kwamandla.
- Isikulufa esingapheli: Ibhanoyi elithambekele lazungeza induku, okuthi lapho ijikeleza ikwazi ukufaka intambo (indiza ethambekele) okhunini, ngaleyo ndlela igcine izinto ezimbili zihlangene nomzamo omncane.
- Ama-pincers: Isibonelo sesigwedlo, esifana nokusetshenziswa kuzikele.
- I-Nutcracker: Inhlanganisela yesibindi yamandla nokumelana, okuvumela ukufaka amandla endaweni eqondile yokuhlukanisa inathi.
- Induku: Sisebenzisa ingalo yomuntu njenge-fulcrum, isigwedlo sisebenzisa amandla. Ukwenziwa ngcono kwezinduku zokudoba kwenze umsebenzi wancipha kakhulu.
- Ibhalansi yamaRoma: Ithuluzi elikala uquqaba, futhi lokho ngokuyisisekelo kusekelwe kuma-levers.
- I-Guillotine: Umshini olula owenziwe ngensingo ebukhali kakhulu, namuhla usetshenziswa ngaphezu kwanoma yini ukusika inani elikhulu lamaphepha ngasikhathi sinye.
- Ummese: Isebenzisa izindlela zendiza ethambekele, ifinyelele ngomphetho wokusika, imvamisa ukudla noma izintambo.
- Cranks: Ithuluzi elisetshenziselwa ukuguqula ukunyakaza kwe-rectilinear kube ukunyakaza okuyindilinga, noma okuphambene nalokho. Isetshenziselwa ukujikeleza i-eksisi ngomzamo omncane (into ebidingeka kakhulu ezimotweni ezindala).
- Ibhayisikili: Faka isisekelo sesondo ne-asi ukuvumela umthwalo (umuntu okubhayisikili) agudluke.
