Umlobi:
Peter Berry
Usuku Lokudalwa:
15 Ujulayi 2021
Ukuvuselela Usuku:
11 Mhlawumbe 2024
-Delile
I- amahomoni Ziyizinto ezibalulekile ekusebenzeni okujwayelekile komzimba womuntu nezinye izidalwa eziphilayo. Akhiqizwa izitho ezithile ezaziwa ngokuthi izindlala ze-endocrine, njenge-pancreas noma i-pituitary gland, bese ungena egazini.
AmaHormoni atholakala endaweni ephansi kakhulu egazini, noma kunjalo,lawula imisebenzi ebalulekile ngokunembile njengokufana noshukela, ukulungiswa kwe-calcium emathanjeni naku-gametogenesis.
AmaHormone angabhekwa njenge- ama-molecule ezithunywa, lokho Ukudidiyela imisebenzi izingxenye ezahlukene zomzimba. Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi ama-hormone enza isenzo sawo amaseli yehlukile kuleyo eyenziwe ngayo. Ama-hormone amaningi angamaprotheni, amanye angamaprotheni ama-steroids okuphuma ku-cholesterol.
Ingakusebenzela: Izibonelo ZamaHormone Ezilwane Nezitshalo
I- izenzo ze-hormonal Zingabangelwa ngezikhathi ezahlukahlukene, omunye umlilo ngemizuzwana nje, ezinye zidinga izinsuku ezimbalwa ukuqala noma amasonto noma izinyanga. Ukuqina kwemisebenzi eminingi yamakhemikhali eselula kubuswa ama-hormone.
Phakathi kwemisebenzi eyenziwa ngamahomoni, okulandelayo kuyabonakala:
- Ukusetshenziswa nokugcinwa kwamandla
- Ukukhula, ukuthuthuka nokuzala
- Amazinga egazi oketshezi, usawoti, noshukela
- Ukwakheka kwamathambo nemisipha
- Ukushintshwa kwempendulo yezinzwa nezemoto kuzimo ezahlukahlukene
Ama-hormone ahlukene abhalwe ngezansi futhi izindlela eziyinhloko ababandakanyeka kuzo ziyakhonjiswa.
Izibonelo zamahomoni
- I-testosterone: Imvamisa yihomoni elawula ukuthuthukiswa kwezici zesilisa zesilisa zocansi (izwi elijiyile, ubukhulu bemisipha, izinwele), yize kubalulekile futhi ukuthi kube khona i-spermatogenesis efanele.
- I-insulini: Le hormone yenziwa amanyikwe futhi ibalulekile ekulawuleni ukuminyana kweglucose egazini. Yingakho sihlobene eduze nesifo esijwayelekile esidabukisayo: isifo sikashukela.
- IGlucagon: Isebenza ekhonsathini ne-insulin, ngakho-ke kubalulekile ekulinganisweni kwe-glucose.
- I-Parathormone: Le hormone ikhiqizwa yindlala ye-parathyroid futhi ibandakanyeka ku-metabolism ye-calcium ne-phosphorus. Kubaluleke kakhulu empilweni yethambo nokusebenza okujwayelekile kukavithamini D.
- I-Calcitonin: Kubaluleke kakhulu futhi empilweni yethambo, kusebenza ngokungahambisani ne-hormone ye-parathyroid.
- I-Aldosterone: Ilawula izinga le-sodium ne-potassium egazini nomchamo; kuhlobene kakhulu nokusebenza okuvamile kwezinso. Le hormone ikhiqizwa yi-adrenal gland.
- I-hormone elwa namagciwane: Iyabandakanyeka ekubuyiselweni kabusha kwama-molecule wamanzi kuma-tubules wezinso, yingakho ixhunyaniswe nokukhiqizwa komchamo. Ebizwa nangokuthi i-vasopressin, inendima ebalulekile ku-homeostasis yomzimba.
- Iprolactin: Yenziwe ku-anterior pituitary gland futhi ilawula ukukhiqizwa kobisi yizindlala ezincelisayo. Iyanda lapho ukulethwa kusondela futhi ngokushesha ngemuva kwayo.
- I-Oxytocin: Le hormone ibalulekile ukuqala ukucindezela kwesibeletho okumele kwenzeke ngesikhathi sokubeletha, kukhiqizwa yi-pituitary.
- I-Thyroxine: Ihlobene nendlala yegilo futhi ilawula izinqubo eziningi zomzimba, kufaka phakathi i-cell metabolism, ukukhula, kanye nokuthuthuka kwesistimu yezinzwa. Izifo ezahlukahlukene zingabangelwa ukuguqulwa kokuhlanganiswa kwaleli hormone, okuvame kakhulu yi-hypothyroidism ne-hyperthyroidism.
- Iprogesterone: Kuyiprogestogen edingekayo ukuze izinguquko zokuvuthwa zenzeke ku-endometrium ezovumela ukukhula kombungu, ngakho-ke, kubalulekile ekukhulelweni. Kubalulekile futhi ekungeneni ebusheni ekuthuthukiseni izitho zabesifazane besifazane futhi kuvame ukusetshenziselwa ukwelashwa esikhundleni sokunqamuka kokuya esikhathini. Ikhiqizwa ikakhulukazi esibelethweni.
- Somatotrophin: Ebizwa nangokuthi i-hormone yokukhula, kubalulekile ekukhuleni okulungile kwengane; yenza kusebenze amaprotheni synthesis, kwandisa ukusetshenziswa kwe-glucose futhi ne-lipolysis. Kushukumisa ukukhula kwezitho ngokujwayelekile.
- I-Follicle Ekhuthaza IHormone: Yihomoni edingekayo ekuvuthweni kwezicubu zomlomo wesibeletho kanye nasekuqedeni umjikelezo wokuya esikhathini kowesifazane, okudingekayo ekukhiqizeni kabusha.
- I-hormone yeLuteinizing: Isebenza ngendlela ehambisanayo neyedlule, ivuselela ukuvuthwa kweqanda futhi iqala ukwakheka kwe-corpus luteum. I-hormone ye-Luteinizing ivame ukuhlolelwa ukuvivinya izinkinga zabesifazane zokuzala.
- I-Adrenaline (epinephrine): I-neurotransmitter ebamba iqhaza ekuphenduleni kwemvelo ekulweni nengcindezi, esebenza cishe kuzo zonke izicubu; ibalulekile ku-reflex yokundiza futhi isetshenziswa njengokwelashwa ezimweni ezahlukahlukene ezibucayi, kufaka phakathi ukuboshwa kwenhliziyo, ukuhlaselwa yisifuba somoya, kanye nokungezwani komzimba.
- ICortisol: I-glucocorticoid ehlobene namasosha omzimba, i-fat metabolism, nenqubo ebizwa nge-gluconeogenesis. Ukuhlanganiswa nokukhishwa kwayo kubangelwa ezimweni ezicindezelayo.
- I-Melatonin: Le hormone ihlobene nezehlakalo ezahlukahlukene zomzimba, ithinta amasosha omzimba, ukuguga, izifo zenhliziyo, ukuguquka kwesigqi sokulala / sokuvuka, futhi ibhekene nezimo ezithile zengqondo. IMelatonin isetshenziselwa ukulwa nokuphazamiseka kokulala, phakathi kwabanye.
- I-Estradiol: Iyabandakanyeka ekukhuleni kwezitho zokuzala, njengengxenye yokuthuthuka kwabesifazane kwezocansi, kepha futhi ikhona emadodeni. Kunomphumela ophawulekile ebunzimeni bamathambo, ukuba yingxenye yezindlela zokwelapha ezibuyisela ama-hormone kwabesifazane be-postmenopausal.
- I-Triiodothyronine: Le yihomoni ebandakanya cishe zonke izinqubo zomzimba (ukukhula nentuthuko, izinga lokushisa komzimba, ukushaya kwenhliziyo, njll.). Ngokuvuselela ukonakala kwe- ama-carbohydrate kanye ne amafutha, yenza kusebenze i-aerobic metabolism kanye nokuwohloka kwamaprotheni, okungukuthi, kwandisa imetabolism ejwayelekile ye-basal.
- I-Androstenedione: I-hormone eyandulela amanye ama-hormone: i-androsterone ne-estrogens; ngakho-ke kuyadingeka ukugcina impilo yokuzala, kwabesilisa nabesifazane. Ukusetshenziswa kwayo njengesengezo kuvinjelwe ngoba kubhekwa njenge-anabolic steroid enikela ekwandiseni ubukhulu bemisipha nokumelana komzimba kubagijimi.
