-Delile
Emkhakheni wezengqondo, ukulungiswa Kuyindlela yokubekwa kwezinhlobo ezithile zokulawulwa kokukhuthaza, ukuze kutholakale izehlakalo ekuziphatheni kokugcina kwezihloko. Kuyindlela ethile yokufunda kanye / noma yokuziphatha.
Kunezinhlobo ezimbili zokulungiswa kwendabuko, ngokulawulwa okusetshenzisiwe ngaphezulu kwesisusa: isimo se-classical nesisebenzayo.
I- isimo se-classical, obizwa nangokuthi iPavlovian ukuhlonipha isazi sayo esibaluleke kunazo zonke, u-Iván Pavlov, uthobela iphethini yokuphendula evuselelayo lapho isihloko sikwazi ukuhlanganisa umcimbi othile nomunye futhi ngenxa yalokho ngokuziphatha okulindelwe kuye, ngokuhlangana okulula kwemicimbi ememori . Isilingo esidume kakhulu sikaPavlov kwaba ukondla inja kuphela ngemuva kokushaya insimbi. Ngemuva kokuphinda leli phethini kaningi, inja yayivele iconsisa amathe ngokulindela ukudla okuzayo.
I- isimo sokusebenzaEsikhundleni salokho, ingxenye yokwanda noma ukwehla kwesikhuthazo esinqunyiwe, ngokususelwa kuphethini yomvuzo wokujeziswa. Esikhundleni sokuhlanganiswa kwesikhuthazi, lolu hlobo lokufunda lususelwa ekwakhiweni kokuziphatha okusha, kusukela ekuqiniseni (okuhle noma okubi: umvuzo noma isijeziso) kwalabo okufunwayo hhayi okungafuneki. Umphenyi wakhe omkhulu, uB. F. Skinner, wayevame ukumhlola indawo engenaziphazamiso ebizwa ngeSkinner box, lapho ayengalawula khona ukulethwa kokudla ukuhlola izilwane.
Izibonelo zesimo se-classical
- Insimbi yekhefu, ezikoleni, kumemezela ukufika kwekhefu. Ngokuziphinda, abafundi bazokuhlobanisa nemizwa yenkululeko nokuphumula abakutholayo ngesikhathi sekhefu.
- Ipuleti lenja, lapho kufakwa khona ukudla, ngokuvela nje kuzodlulisela enjeni isasasa lokuzondla, ngoba izobe ihlobanisa isidlo nokuqukethwe kwaso okujwayelekile.
- Ukuhlukumezeka ngokomzwelo noma okuhlangenwe nakho okuhlukumezayo, okuhambisana nendawo ethile, kuzokhiqiza umuzwa ongathandeki kumuntu owabahlupha lapho ebuyela endaweni yesehlakalo, ngokwesibonelo, endaweni ebuhlungu kusukela ebuntwaneni.
- Iphunga lamakha womlingani othile onothando, obonwa isikhathi eside ngemuva kokuphela kobudlelwano, angazala endabeni imizwa ehlotshaniswa nayo noma ehlotshaniswa nalowo othandekayo.
- Thinta okuthile okushisayo Imvamisa kungukuhlangenwe nakho kwezingane okufunda ngokushesha okukhulu ukukugwema, ukuhlobanisa ubuhlungu bokusha nento, isibonelo, isitofu esivuthayo ekhishini.
- Ibhande lokujeziswa Kuzohlanganiswa nobuhlungu obukhiqizela inja, ngakho-ke izosabela ebukhoneni bayo ngokuzivikela: ukubaleka noma ukuyihlasela.
- Ukufika kwenkosieklasini izokwandulelwa yizinyathelo zakho ezizwakalayo. Lapho bezibona, abafundi bazobuyela ematafuleni abo futhi bazothatha isimilo abasuke behlobanise nokuba khona kwegunya.
- Ukukhala kwengane Kuyindlela yokuthola ukunakwa kukamama nokwamukela ukuthanda kwakhe noma ukudla.Ngokushesha ingane izohambisana nokukhala nokuba khona kukanina.
- Umculo ngesikhathi somsebenzi othile ingahlotshaniswa nemizwa lapho umsebenzi uhlanganisa khona, njengoba kwenzeka ngohlamvu lwe Iwolintshi lewashi (1971.
- Izindlela ezithile zokubamba Zisebenza ngokwesisekelo sokuhlangana ngokuzithandela kwememori ethile ebuhlungu nezinhlobo ezithile zememori yenhlangano, ukuze zivuse umuzwa esiteji ngendlela eyiqiniso.
Izibonelo zesimo sokusebenza
- Izinja ezibukwayo ziqiniswe ngamandla ngokukhuthaza okuhle njalo lapho behlasela umuntu abangamazi noma beluma isela. Ubudlova benja buyokhula njengoba buhlobanisa umvuzo nokuziphatha futhi buyikhuthaza ukuthi inyuse inani elitholiwe.
- Abathengisi bayakhuthazwa ukuthi bathengise ngohlelo lwemivuzo namabhonasi. Ithemba lokuthola ibhonasi lwanele ukukhuthaza imizamo yomthengisi, njengoba ukungabi bikho kwayo kunganciphisi ukuziphatha okuyekethisa kancane.
- Amabanga amahle avela ezinganeni bavuzwa ngokuvunywa ngabazali, ngezipho noma imikhosi. Lokhu kuqiniswa okuhle kuzohambisana nomzamo wokufunda futhi kuzothuthukisa amamaki angcono ngokwengeziwe.
- Izipesheli kumikhiqizo Bafuna ukuqinisa kahle ukusetshenziswa, kusenze sithenge inani eliningi.
- Izilwane ezifuywayo zifundiswa ukuzikhulula ngesikhuthazo esihle lapho bekwenza endaweni efanele nesijeziso lapho bekwenza ngaphandle.
- Ukuphakanyiswa kwesigwebo seziboshwa ngezizathu zokuziphatha kahle, ifuna ukukhuthaza ukufunda ngokususa isisusa esibi (ukuboshwa).
- Osemusha ubanjwa ekopelaesivivinyweni, futhi abazali bakhe bamenqabela ukuya ephathini. Intsha izohlobanisa ukulahleka kwesipiliyoni oyifunayo nephutha elenziwe futhi ngeke isakwenza.
- Iziphathimandla zithulisa abezindaba ngokuqinisa okungekuhle, ukusebenzisa unswinyo ezindaweni zomnotho nezokuphatha lapho begxeka isenzo sikahulumeni esingekho emthethweni. Ekugcineni ukuvinjelwa kuphenduka ukuzithibela futhi ophakathi afunde ukuzithoba emandleni.
- Umvuzo wokubuyiselwa kwabashadikazi zokuziphatha okuthile ngokusebenzisa ukuqiniswa okuvusa inkanuko kanye / noma okunamandla, kuvumela ukufundwa okuhlanganyelwe kwemikhakha eyamukelekayo nengamukeleki phakathi kwabathandi.
- Ukusokwa okungokomfanekiso Kuyisimo esingokwengqondo lapho isibalo segunya (ngokwesiko ubaba) siqinisa kabi izindlela ezithile zokuziphatha ezingokwemvelo ezithathwa njengezingalungile ngumphakathi, njengokulalana kwezihlobo.
