-Delile
I- alkenes yizinhlanganisela eziqukethe i-carbon-carbon bond bond, eziphendula kwifomula yamangqamuzana CnH2n; Ama-alkenes angajwayelekile abizwa nangokuthi ama-olefin futhi ahambelana ne- iqembu lama-hydrocarbon ama-aliphatics angagcwalisiwe, abalulekile ekukhiqizeni uphethiloli.
Kukhona uchungechunge olufushane, oluphakathi noma olude; kukhona futhi ama-alkenes angama-cyclic noma ama-cycloalkenes futhi kukhona ngisho nama-alkenes ngaphakathi kwe- izinhlanganisela eziphilayo.
I-alkenes, ukuba ne-carbon-carbon bond bond, ine-hydrogens encane kune-alkane ngenani elilinganayo lama-athomu ekhabhoni. Ukuma kwesibopho esiphindwe kabili kuboniswa ngokufaka ngaphambi kwesijobelelo "-eno"Isiqalo sesiLatini esikhombisa inani lekhabhoni lapho i-bond yokuqala iqala khona (i-tetra, i-penta, i-octa, njll.); izisetshenziswa (imvamisa i-chlorine, i-bromine, i-ethyl, i-methyl, njll.) ibizwa njengeziqalo (ekuqaleni kwegama), zichazwe futhi zilandelana.
Qaphela: Njengoba kunikezwe ukuthi liyinkimbinkimbi kanjani igama lamakhemikhali elisungulwe ngokwemigomo ye-IUPAC, ama-alkenes amaningi emvelo anamagama amahle, avame ukuhlobene nomthombo wawo wemvelo.
I- alkenes kuze kufinyelele kumakhaboni amane amagesi ekamelweni lokushisa, lawo anama-carbons amane kuya kwayi-18 anjalo uketshezi futhi amade kakhulu okuqinile. Zincibilikiswa kumakhemikhali awuketshezi anjenge-ether noma uphuzo oludakayo, futhi aminyene kancane kunama-alkanes ahambisanayo, yize enendawo yokuncibilika ephansi nephuzu lokubilisa. Ngenxa yengxabano edalwe isibopho esiphindwe kabili, ibanga eliphakathi kwama-athomu ekhabhoni angama-1.34 angstroms e-alkene, kanye nama-angstroms angu-1.50 ku-alkane ehambisanayo.
Bethula ifayili le- ukwenziwa kabusha okukhulu kakhulu kunama-alkanes, impela ngoba inalezo zibopho eziphindwe kabili, ezingaphuka futhi zivumele ukungezwa kwe- amanye ama-athomu, imvamisa i-hydrogen noma ama-halogen. Bangathola nakho namachibi futhi ukufakwa kwamakhemikhali. Ama-alkenes ajwayele ukuba ne-cis-trans isomerism noma i-stereoisomerism, ngoba ama-athomu ekhabhoni axhunywe nge-double bond awakwazi ukuzungeza futhi lokhu kudala izindiza ezahlukahlukene. Ama-alkenes anezibopho ezimbili eziphindwe kabili abizwa ngama-diene, futhi lawo anezibopho ezingaphezu kwezimbili eziphindwe kabili abizwa ngama-polyenes.
Ngo- umhlaba wezitshalo ama-alkenes maningi impela futhi anezindima ezibaluleke kakhulu zomzimba, njengokulawulwa kwenqubo yokuvuthwa kwezithelo noma ukuhlungwa kwemisebe ethile yelanga. Ukwakheka kwamakhemikhali ama-alkenes e-organic ngokuvamile kuyinkimbinkimbi futhi kufaka amaketanga ekhabhoni namasongo. Ezinye izithelo ezinjengezaqathe noma utamatisi, nezinye izingulube ezinjengezinkalankala, zikhiqiza inani elikhulu le-beta carotene, i-alkene ebalulekile eyandulela uvithamini A.
Izibonelo zama-alkenes
| I-Ethylene noma i-ethene | 2-methyl propene |
| Cholesterol | 5,6-dimethyl-3-propyl-heptene |
| Butadiene | i-cycloocta-1,3,5,7-tetraene |
| I-Lycopene | i-tetrafluoroethylene |
| IGeraniol | 5-bromo-3-methyl-3-hexene |
| Limonene | I-Rhodopsin |
| I-Mycenae | I-Propene noma i-propylene |
| Butene | 7,7,8-trimethyl-3,5-nonadiene |
| I-Lanosterol | I-3,3 diethyl-1,4-hexadiene |
| ICamphor | I-Mentofuran |
Ingakusebenzela:
- Izibonelo zama-Alkanes
- Izibonelo zamaHydrocarbon
- Izibonelo ze-Alkynes
