-Delile
I- chromatography kuyindlela ye- ukuhlukaniswa kwemixube izakhiwo ezisetshenziswa kabanzi kuwo wonke amagatsha ahlukene we isayensi. Usebenzisa isethi yamasu asuselwa kumgomo wokugcinwa kokukhetha ku hlukanisa izingxenye zenhlanganisela esimweni esiphakeme sobumsulwa, noma ukuwakhomba ngenhlanganisela bese unquma isilinganiso sawo ngqo.
Ngaleyo ndlela, i- chromatography kuqukethe ukuveza ingxube ethile ekusekelweni okuthile (igesi, iphepha, a ketshezi hlangothi, njll.) ukuze usebenzise ngokunenzuzo umehluko wejubane le-adsorption yengxenye ngayinye yenhlanganisela, ukuyikhomba kumbala wombala okhiqizwa yingxube ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.
Isikhangiso (lokho akumuncii-coefficient yokunamathela kwenhlanganisela ebusweni bokusekelwa, futhi ngokuya ngokwehluka kwamazinga okuphendula kwezingxenye zenhlanganisela, lezi zingahlukaniswa ngempumelelo noma amaphesenti abo wokuhlunga angalinganiswa kunoma yikuphi.
Le nqubo yokwehlukanisa yenzeka ngezigaba ezimbili:
- Isigaba esimile. Ingxube isetshenziselwa ukusekelwa okuthile futhi ilungiselelwe ukulinganisa.
- Isigaba seselula. Enye into ihanjiswa ekusekelweni, ukuvumela ukusabela kwayo ngezakhi zenhlanganisela nokuthi umehluko ezingeni lokuphendula uyabahlukanisa.
Ngale ndlela, abanye izinto bazojwayela ukunyakaza nabanye bahlale, ngokusho kwendalo yabo. Lokhu kungenziwa kusetshenziswa izigaba zobuhle nezeselula zezimo ezahlukahlukene: ketshezi, okuqinile futhi okunomoya.
Bhekafuthi: Izibonelo zezingxube
Izibonelo zeChromatography
- Ukuchitha iwayini ethafeni elimhlophe. Njengoba iwayini loma lihlangana nomoya, izinto ezahlukahlukene eziyibumbayo zizodaya okumhlophe kwendwangu umbala ohlukile, ngaleyo ndlela ivumela ukuthi zikhonjwe lapho ngokuvamile bekungeke kwenzeke.
- Ekuhlolweni kwegazi. I-Chromatography yamasampuli egazi ivame ukwenziwa ukuze ikwazi hlukanisa futhi ukhombe izinto eziqukethwe kuyo. Sinjalo isimo somuthi noma into ethile, njengotshwala.
- Ekuhlolweni komchamo. Umchamo, ongaphezu kwegazi, uyingxube yamakhemikhali ahlukahlukene, ukuba khona noma ukungabikho kwawo okuveza ukuthi umzimba usebenza kanjani. Ngakho-ke, kungahlukaniswa i-chromatographic. ukubheka izinsalela ezingajwayelekile, njengegazi, usawoti, ushukela noma izidakamizwa.
- Ukubuyekezwa kwesigameko sobugebengu. Njengakumafilimu: kuthathwa izindwangu, imicu, izindwangu noma ezinye izesekeli ukubona ukuhlukaniswa kokunamathela kwezinto ezahlukahlukene, njengesidoda noma igazi, okungathi uma uthi nhlá unganakwa.
- Ukuhlolwa kwezempilo kokudla. Njengoba ukusabela kokudla lapho kufakwa kumkhakha we-chromatographic kwaziwa, Kungabonakala uma kukhona uhlobo oluthile lwento engafanele noma umkhiqizo wama-microbial agents kuwo avela kusampula elincane.
- Ukuqinisekiswa kwamazinga wokungcola. Kungaba semoyeni noma emanzini, ukusabela kwezinto ezincibilikisiwe nezingabonakali kungalinganiswa kusuka kusampula elincane, usebenzisa ukusekelwa okuthile okuvumela ukuhlukanisa phakathi kwamakhemikhali, ukwenza amanzi ome, ngokwesibonelo.
- Ukuhlolwa kwe-microbiology okuyinkimbinkimbi. Le ndlela isetshenziswa kakhulu ukulwa nezifo ezinjenge-Ebola, ngokwesibonelo, ngoba kulokhu kuvumela umehluko phakathi kwamasosha omzimba asebenza kakhulu kunawo wonke futhi angasebenzi kahle lapho ubhekene nesifo esibulalayo.
- Izicelo ze-Petrochemical. I-Chromatography iyasiza kwinqubo yokwehlukanisa ama-hydrocarbon kaphethiloli kanye nokuguqulwa kwawo kube yizinto ezahlukahlukene ezihlanjululwe, ezinempahla engafani neze futhi ebonakalayo futhi ukunamathela.
- Ukuhlola umlilo. Ukunquma ukuthi ngabe bacasuliwe noma cha, i-chromatography yezinsalela ivame ukusetshenziselwa ukunquma khombisa ubukhona bezinto ezingalindelekile ezisebenza kabusha kwehlukile kokunye, ngokuqinisekile izinto zokubasa ezimbiwa phansi.
- Ukuhlukanisa ama-inks. Njengoba uyinki wakhiwe ngezingulube ezahlukahlukene endaweni enamanzi, kungenzeka hlukanisa lezi zingulube nge-chromatography bese uqokomisa umehluko phakathi kwento ngayinye. Eqinisweni, isivivinyo esivamile uma kukhulunywa ngokuchaza le ndlela, kusetshenziswa omaka abanemibala.
- Ukutholwa kwemisebe. Njengoba izinto ezinemisebe enemisebenzi ehlukene namazinga okukhipha kunodaba olujwayelekile, angavame ukukhonjwa kusetshenziswa le ndlela elabhoratri. ukuveza izinto ezintweni ezibonisa ushintsho kuzinga lokuphendula.
- Ukunquma ubumsulwa bento ethile. Izinto zokuhlanzeka okuphezulu zivame ukudingeka embonini, ikakhulukazi amagesi (ukungaziphathi kwawo kwenza lokhu kube nzima) kanye nendlela yokuhlola lokhu ukutholwa kwe-chromatographic yezinsalela zezinye izinto, kusukela ekusetshenzisweni kwesigaba se-liquid static.
- Ukutadisha iwayini. Ekutholakaleni kwewayini le-monovarietal, i-chromatography ivame ukusetshenziselwa ukwazi ukuthi ixubene yini nezinye izingqinamba, ngoba lezi zizokwethula izici ezahlukahlukene ezitholakalayo phambi kwesimo esihlukile se-tuli.
- Ukulawulwa kwe-distillation yezimboni yemimoya. Nge-chromatography yegesi, izingxenye zekhwalithi eziyisisekelo ezikhona kotshwala zingakhonjwa futhi zilinganiswe (i-ethanol, i-methanol, i-acetaldehyde, i-acetal, njll.,
- Izifundo zekhwalithi ka-olive. I-Chromatography ibalulekile ekubuyekezweni nasekuhlukanisweni kwamafutha omnqumo, ngoba ihlinzeka ngocwaningo lwephrofayili yamafutha, i-asidi ne-peroxide inani elikhona engxenyeni.
Amanye amasu wokwehlukanisa izingxube
- Izibonelo zeCrystallization
- Izibonelo Zokuphuza Ziphuzo Ziphuzo Zazihluzwa
- Izibonelo zeCentrifugation
- Izibonelo Zokulahlwa
- Izibonelo Zokuqagela
