Izinhlelo ezivaliwe

-Delile

• Izibonelo Zamasistimu Avaliwe
• Izici

Ukuhlukaniswa okuvame kakhulu kwehlukanisa i- izinhlelo ezivulekile kwe izinhlelo ezivaliwe, okungukuthi, labo abanezibopho eziqinile ngaphandle kwalabo ababonakala ngokusebenza kungakhathalekile imvelo ebazungezile

I- izinhlelo ezivaliwe Yilabo abanokuziphatha okuzimele, futhi abanakho ukuxhumana namanye ama-ejenti womzimba atholakala ngaphandle kwawo. Akunabuhlobo bokubangela noma ukuhlangana nanoma yini engaphandle, ngakho-ke bangaphila ngokusebenza kwezinqubo zabo zokusebenza.

Kunezinhlobo ezimbili zezinhlelo ezivaliwe, kuya ngokuthi ukungabi bikho kokushintshisana nengaphandle selilonke (okwenzeka esimweni sezinhlelo ehlukanisiwe) noma uma kungekho ukushintshaniswa kwe- ndaba, kepha kukhona ukushintshana kwamandla (okwenzeka ezinhlelweni ezomile ezivaliwe).

Ingakusebenzela:

• Izibonelo zezinhlelo ezivulekile nezivaliwe
• Izibonelo zezinhlelo ezivulekile, ezivaliwe nezihlukanisiwe

Izibonelo Zamasistimu Avaliwe

Imvamisa ibizwa ngokuthi uhlelo oluvaliwe kulawo masistimu ane- indlela yokuziphatha enqunyiwe nehleliwe, nokuthi banokushintshana okuncane kakhulu kwamandla nodaba ngemvelo: kuncane kakhulu ukuthi akungenelela nganoma iyiphi indlela ngokuthuthuka okujwayelekile kohlelo.

Okulandelayo, indlela yezibonelo ezithile zezinhlelo ezingasebenza njengamasistimu avaliwe:

1. Iwashi lokuvala umoya, elifuna ukusebenza kwalo lidinga ukuthi kungabikho ukuguqulwa ngokushisa noma ngemvelo yangaphandle.
2. Indiza, okuthi noma ixosha amagesi athile ngaphandle, idinga kwezinye izimo ukuthi ivalwe ngokuphelele ukuze impilo nokuphefumula kwenzeke kumamitha amaningi kangaka ukuphakama.
3. Isiphenduli senuzi.
4. Ibhaluni eligcwele umoya.
5. Ibhethri lemoto.
6. I-thermos eyakhiwe ngokuphelele ukuze izinga lokushisa lihlale lingashintshi kokuncane.
7. Iplanethi yomhlaba (ishintshana ngamandla kepha akunandaba)
8. Indawo yonke, iqondakala njengengqikithi.
9. I-TV.
10. Isipheki sokucindezela esingavumeli igesi ukuba ibaleke.

Ingakusebenzela:

• Izibonelo ze-Open Systems
• Izibonelo ze-Open, Closed and Semi-closed Systems

Izici

Isici esihlukile ezinhlelweni ezivalekile ukuthi yona kanye incazelo yokungabikho kokuxhumana nengaphandle idinga lokho zonke izibalo ezichaza ukunyakaza ngaphakathi kwesistimu enjalo zingancika kuphela eziguquguqukayo nasezintweni eziqukethwe ohlelweni.

Ukukhethwa kwemvelaphi yesikhathi kungqubuzana, ngakho-ke ukulingana kokuvela kwesikhashana akuguquki maqondana nokuhumushwa kwesikhashana: lokhu kusho ukuthi amandla ayalondolozwa, nawo ahambelana nencazelo yalezi zinhlelo.

Uma uhlelo luvaliwe, khona-ke noma yiluphi ushintsho lwamandla amancane wangaphakathi ohlelweni kungenxa yebhalansi yokudlulisa ukushisa nomsebenzi owenziwe.

Kodwa-ke, kunembile ukusho ukuthi uma uhlelo lukhulisa amandla alo ngenqubo ye-thermodynamic, indawo yonke ilahlekelwa amandla alinganayo. Umthetho wokuqala we-thermodynamics, wezinhlelo ezivaliwe, ubhalwe njengo-=U = ΔQ - ΔW.