Izinsizi (nezimpawu zazo)

Ngu ukukhululeka konke okuphuma endaweni eyisicaba kuyaziwa, kuyiguqula ngokuya phezulu. Ubuso bomhlaba, obusivele bube yingcosana kuqweqwe lomhlaba (njengoba iningi leplanethi lenziwe ngamanzi) luthumela ngokulandelana izinhlobonhlobo eziningi kakhulu zeziphambeko.

I-geography yomzimba kanye ne-geomorphology yizindlela zesayensi eziyingxenye yomumo wesayensi yokuma kwezwe, isayensi yomhlaba, ukwakheka kwayo ngokomzimba kanye nezimo ezikukhathazayo. Isakhiwo somhlaba, ngakolunye uhlangothi, asimile: senziwa ukuguqulwa okwenzeka ngendlela ephawuleka kancane.

Izinqubo zokwakheka komhlaba zingaba umkhiqizo wamandla wangaphakathi eplanethi (umsebenzi wentaba-mlilo nokuzamazama komhlaba) noma umkhiqizo wezinto ezingaphandle ezifana nemimoya, amanzi nezinto eziphilayo. Kunobuningi obukhulu kakhulu be- ukukhululeka emhlabeni wonke. Uhlu olulandelayo luzokhuluma ngezinye zazo, zihambisane nencazelo emfushane yezimpawu zazo nezibonelo ezithile.

1. Amathafa: Izindawo zezindawo eziphakeme nezilinganiselwe, ezibangelwa ukuguguleka komhlaba okubangelwa amanzi noma umoya. Le ngqungquthela ayiqedi kodwa icwecwe kancane.
   1. Ithafa laseTibet
   2. Izinkangala zaseAndean
   3. I-Central Plateau yaseSpain
2. Amathafa: Amathafa abonakala ngobude obungenakho ukuphakama. Kwakhiwa ngamadwala ase-sedimentary, lapho ukuqoqwa kwezidalwa kwenzeka khona. Ukuphakama kungaphansi kwamamitha ayi-200, futhi kwezinye izimo kunesimo sezulu esifudumele.
   1. Amathafa Amakhulu, e-United States
   2. IPampas plain, e-Argentina
   3. IGulf of Mexico Plain Coastal Plain
3. Ukudangala: Izindawo ze-Geographic ziphansi kunezindawo ezizungezile. Ukudangala kungahle kube okuhlobene uma kumane nje kuphansi kunezindawo ezizungezile, kuyilapho kuzophelela ngokuphelele uma kuphansi ngqo kunezinga lolwandle.
   1. Ukudangala kweGrenada
   2. Ukudangala KweCaspic
   3. IGreat Bass yaseSan Julián
4. UCliff: Umthambeka onamadwala wavezwa ume mpo.
   1. UDan Brist, e-Ireland
   2. I-Rock Old Man, eScotland
   3. Risin og Kellingin amatshe eFaeroe Islands
5. ImilomoUkwakheka kwendawo okuvela ekushayisaneni phakathi kwamapuleti etektoni. Ukuphakama kumakiwe futhi kwakhiwa izintaba, umcimbi owenzeka kaningi kakhulu esikhathini seCenozoic. Lezi ezikhonjwe kakhulu zitholakala ngesikhathi sobusha, kanti ezindala zincane.
   1. INtaba i-Everest
   2. Intaba lhotse
   3. INtaba iMakalu
6. Izintaba: Iqembu lezintaba ezihlelwe ebangeni elithile ukusuka komunye nomunye, ngokuqhubekayo.
   1. Izintaba ze-Andes
   2. Uhla lwezintaba zeHimalaya
   3. Izintaba ZaseCantabrian
7. Inhlonhlo: Ingxenye yomhlaba ezungezwe ngamanzi ezinhlangothini ezintathu, ihlanganiswe nezwekazi ngomucu.
   1. Izinhlonhlo zaseFlorida
   2. Inhlonhlo yaseValdés
   3. Inhlonhlo yaseSinayi
8. Amagquma: Izintaba eziphansi kakhulu.
   1. Igquma laseKenya
   2. ITeide hill, eTenerife
   3. Elgon Hill
9. I-Canyon: Umhosha okhiqizwa ukuguguleka komhlaba okudalwe umfula. Izindonga zasemhosheni zakha iwa.
   1. Umhosha waseColorado
   2. ILobos river canyon
   3. USianok Canyon
10. IzigodiIzindawo ezinezicaba lapho amanzi avela entabeni ancibilika khona. Ukuguguleka kwenhlabathi kwenzeka ngendlela yokuthi kutholakale uhlobo luka-'U '.
    1. I-Tierra Mayor Valley
    2. Isigodi sase-Acatlán
    3. Isigodi SaseSalinas

Ngokwesinye isandla, nasolwandle izinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zokukhululeka ziyakhiwa. Izinhlonhlo, okukhulunywe ngazo njengokuhlelwa komhlaba, zine-correlate yazo ngohlobo oluthile lwamanzi: inyunyana yenhlonhlo kanye nayo yonke insimu ibizwa ngokuthi yi-isthmus. Emaphethelweni olwandle nawo angavela, ngenxa yokungena kolwandle ogwini. Kungaba khona amatheku, izindunduma, imifula noma iziqhingi, kanye nama-archipelagos nezindunduma.