Amandla we-geothermal

-Delile

• Izibonelo zamandla we-geothermal
• Ezinye izinhlobo zamandla

I-amandla we-geothermal ngumthombo wamandla cishe noma ngaphansi ivuseleleke, yohlobo lwentaba-mlilo, oluqukethe ukusizakala ngemingcele yokushisa yangaphakathi yeplanethi enguMhlaba.

Njengoba izinga lokushisa elirekhodiwe lenyuka njengoba sisondela emgodini womhlaba, kunamatafula amaningi amanzi ngaphansi kobuso lapho amanzi ashisa khona futhi kamuva aqhamuke njengamajethi amakhulu omphunga noketshezi olushisayo, ngaleyo ndlela abangela amagiza namanzi. isetshenziswe isintu kusukela ezikhathini zasendulo ngezinhloso ezahlukahlukene. Zivame kakhulu ezindaweni ezinentaba-mlilo ephezulu.

Kukhona-ke, kunezinhlobo ezintathu zamachibi we-geothermal, okungukuthi:

• Amanzi ashisayo. Bangakha umthombo noma bangaphansi komhlaba (kuma-aquifers). Imvamisa ziyaxhashazwa ngohlelo lwemithombo ephindwe kabili, oluvumela ukufakwa kabusha kwamanzi ukuze kungayiqedi idiphozi.
• Yomile Lawa amasimu abilayo ngegesi kepha awanamanzi, angasetshenziswa bese evuselelwa ngokujova uketshezi ukuqala kabusha.
• AmaGiza Iziphethu ezishisayo ezinengcindezi yokuthi ngezikhathi ezithile zikhiphela phezulu umusi namanzi abilayo lapho ziconsa.

Ngenkathi la mandla kufanele abe ivuselelekeNjengoba ukushisa komhlaba kungapheli, kwenzeke ezindaweni ezahlukahlukene zokuxhashazwa lapho i-magma ipholisa futhi iyeke ukufudumeza kwayo amanzi, ngaphezu kokuhambisana nokuzamazama komhlaba okuncane kepha okuvamile. Kungakho kuthiwa amandla e-geothermal awavuseleleki ngokuphelele..

Amandla we-geothermal angasetshenziselwa ukukhiqiza ugesi, ukupholisa nokusetshenziswa okuqondile kokushisa.

Izibonelo zamandla we-geothermal

1. Izintaba-mlilo. Mhlawumbe ukubonakaliswa kwamandla we-geothermal okwedlulele kakhulu futhi okuyizintaba-mlilo, okubhekelene nokucekelwa phansi okuningi kwemvelo kanye nokuphilayo ngesikhathi sokuqhuma kwazo, okukhipha i-magma (lava) ebilayo, amagesi anobuthi, nomlotha omisiwe emvelweni. Amandla abo amakhulu makhulu kepha asendle, ngakho-ke awasetshenziswa nganoma iyiphi indlela, kepha kunalokho inhlekelele engokwemvelo abantu abaningi okufanele babhekane nayo ngezikhathi ezithile.
2. AmaGiza. Leli yigama leqoqo lezitshalo zamandla kagesi ze-geoelectric elitholakala e-116 km ukusuka edolobheni laseSan Francisco, e-United States, elibhekwa njengenxanxathela enkulu kunazo zonke emhlabeni. Iyakwazi ukukhiqiza amandla angaphezu kuka-950 MW kagesi kuma-63% omthamo wayo wokukhiqiza, isebenzisa umusi osuka kumagiza asebenzayo angaphezu kwama-350 ezitshalweni ezihlukene ezingama-21.
3. Izitshalo zokulahla isisu. Amandla we-geothermal njengamanje asetshenziselwa ukwehlisa amanzi emanzini, ngokusebenzisa ukushisa kwawo umjikelezo wokuhwamuka nokuncipha ketshezi, okuvumela ukususwa kosawoti nezinye izinto ezisindayo ezikhona, ngokwesibonelo, emanzini olwandle. Le yinqubo yezomnotho nezemvelo ebilokhu ithandwa kusukela ngo-1995 yi-American Douglas Firestone.
4. Amapompo okushisa we-geothermal. Kokubili ukupholisa nokushisa, amandla we-geothermal asetshenziswa ngezinhlelo zokupompa umoya, ukugcina izinga lokushisa lamabhilidi wonke. Kungumthombo wokushisa osebenza kahle onesidingo esiphansi sikagesi, esisebenzisa ngokunenzuzo ukushisa okungaguquki kwezingqimba zokuqala zomhlaba ukunciphisa imijikelezo ye-compressor.
5. I-Timanfaya Oven-Grill. Sisebenzisa umsebenzi wentaba-mlilo weziQhingi zaseCanary, indawo yokudlela "i-El Diablo" yokudla kwendawo yobuciko yakhelwe ihhavini elisebenza ngokususelwa ekudalweni kokudla ekushiseni okuqhamuka ekusebenzeni okunamandla nokushisa komhlaba eTyanfaya National Park esiqhingini kaLanzarote. EMpumalanga "i-vulkan grill”Iqukethe uchungechunge lwamagridi afakwe emthonjeni ongena ngqo emhlabeni.
6. Isitshalo samandla aphuma ngaphansi komhlaba se Hellisheiði. Etholakala e-Iceland, eduze nentaba-mlilo iHengill, amakhilomitha ayi-11 ukusuka enhlokodolobha, lesi sitshalo sakha amandla kagesi namandla ashisayo, we-303 MWe no-133 MWt ngokulandelana. Kuyisikhungo esikhulayo selokhu saqala ngo-2006, ezandleni zenkampani i-Orkuveita Reykjavíkur.
7. Izindlu zokugcina ezishisayo ze-Geothermally. Edolobheni laseValencia, eSpain, nakwamanye amaphrojekthi afanayo eChile, amandla okushisa avela emanzini ashisayo angaphansi komhlaba asevele esetshenziswa, ngokukhishwa kwamanzi kanye nemijikelezo yomjovo ukugcina ukushisa kwendlu ezinzile unyaka wonke.naphezu kwezinkathi zonyaka . Ngale ndlela, ukukhiqizwa kungakhuliswa ngemali ephansi yamandla kanye nokukhishwa kwe-CO kunciphise inqubo.₂ okuvame ukuhambisana nalokhu kukhishwa komhlaba futhi okungukungcola komkhathi.
8. Isikhungo samandla kagesi iCerro Prieto geothermal. Isitshalo sesibili se-geothermal emhlabeni, esinamandla we-720 MW nezinhlelo zokunweba ezingaholela ekutheni sifinyelele kumanani aphakeme kakhulu, siseduze kakhulu nentaba-mlilo engaziwa eMexico, eBaja California, eMexico. Yakhiwa ngamayunithi amahlanu angawodwana atholakala ukusizakala ngokushisa okuvela emsebenzini omangalisayo womhlabathi ongaphansi.
9. Ukomiswa kwezolimo. Ukuthatha ithuba lokushisa okuvela emandleni we-geothermal ukuyidlulisela ezintweni zezolimo ezidinga ukomiswa, njengokuncishiswa kwamasi ubisi noma inzalo yokudla, kungumsebenzi obaluleke kakhulu kwi-Food and Agriculture Organisation yeZizwe Ezihlangene. Ngo-Ephreli 2015, lolu hlobo lwesiza lwaphakanyiswa ngokusemthethweni, ikakhulukazi lusizo emazweni asathuthuka, njengoba kungumthombo wamandla ongabizi futhi ohlala njalo.
10. I-Yellowstone Park Geysers. Ngaphezu kwengxenye yama-geyser ayi-1000 emhlabeni akule American Park, ethathwa njengendala kunazo zonke emhlabeni. Le ndawo inomsebenzi wentaba-mlilo oqinile futhi oqhubekayo, ngakho-ke embozwe ukugeleza kodaka lwentaba-mlilo neziduli, kunamagiza angaphezu kwama-200 neziphethu ezi-1000 ezihlukene ezishisayo.

Ezinye izinhlobo zamandla