-Delile
- Inhlangano yebhayoloji
- Izinhlobo zenhlangano
- Umncintiswano wezinto eziphilayo
- Izinhlobo zomncintiswano
- Umehluko phakathi kwenhlangano nokuncintisana
Izinto eziphilayo ezihlanganyela a indawo yokuhlala noma i-ecosystem inezindlela ezahlukahlukene zokuhlobana, kungaba ukuzuzisana noma lokho okukodwa kuphela. Njengoba izinsiza zihlala zilinganiselwe, kungaba insimu, ukudla noma amanzi, kungokwemvelo ukuthi kunezinhlobo zokuxhumana lapho izinhlobo zezilwane zisebenzisana khona (inhlangano) noma ngokulwa okuhlukile (ikhono).
Inhlangano yebhayoloji
Sizokhuluma inhlangano, bese, yize futhi ukubambisana, lapho izilwane ezimbili ezivumanayo zisebenza ndawonye ukuze zisizane, zisebenzise kangcono izinsiza noma zinikeze ithuba ababengeke babe nalo ngokwehlukana. Lolu hlobo lobudlelwano obuzuzisayo lungenzeka ngaphakathi (phakathi kwamalungu amabili ohlobo olufanayo) noma i-interspecific (phakathi kwamalungu amabili ezinhlobo ezihlukile).
Isibonelo esihle sokuhlangana sakhiwa ngamakholoni, lapho abantu abaningi bohlobo olufanayo bahlala endaweni yokuhlala, kuze kube yilapho kwesinye isikhathi behlangana ngomzimba. Ngakho-ke, amakhorali akha amakoloni abantu abafanayo ababambisanayo ukuzivikela nokuzondla; ngenkathi izinyosi zenza okufanayo, kodwa ngendlela yokulandelana futhi ngokuhlukanisa imisebenzi, ukugcina konke kuphila futhi kuvikelekile.
Izinhlobo zenhlangano
Izinhlangano ze-interspecies zebhayoloji zingaba zezinhlobo ezilandelayo, ukwahlulela ngobudlelwano obuthile phakathi kwabantu abahlobene:
- Ukuqashwa. Kulokhu, omunye walaba bantu ababili ufuna ukuvikelwa komunye, ngaphandle kokulimaza noma ukulimala ngakho. Isibonelo: i-clown fish ehlala phakathi kwamacembe ama-anemones, ngaphandle kokulimala yiwo kodwa iphephe ezilwaneni ezidla ezinye.
- Ubuzwe. Bobabili abantu bahlala ndawonye, futhi omunye wabo uzuza komunye (ngokwesibonelo, kusuka emfucumfucwini yayo), ngaphandle kokulimaza. Isibonelo, ama-remoras anamathiselwe kushaka, odla izidumbu zawo zokuzingela.
- I-Symbiosis. Ku-Syciosisosis bobabili abantu abahlobene bayazuza, kungaba ukubambisana ukuhlinzekela okokuziphilisa noma ukuvikela bobabili ezilwaneni ezidla ezinye. Isibonelo, ubulembu, inyunyana yefungus ne-alga ukuhlinzeka ngokuvikelana nokuhleleka.
- Parasitism. Kulokhu, ukuzihlanganisa akuzuzisi kangako komunye walaba bantu ababili, ngoba omunye umondla yena noma izimbambo zakhe futhi kwesinye isikhathi angamlimaza. Isibonelo, imikhaza ephuza igazi lezinkomo.
Umncintiswano wezinto eziphilayo
Ngokuphambene nalokho, kukhulunywa ngakho ikhono lapho ukuba khona kwabantu ababili endaweni efanayo kubangela ukwehla kokweneliseka kwezidingo zabo, kungaba ngokudla, amanzi noma insimu. Ngamanye amagama, umncintiswano uqukethe umzabalazo noma umzamo wezilwane ezithintekayo ukuzitholela izinzuzo ngokwazo, ngakho-ke kuyicala eliphambene nenhlangano yazo zonke izinhlobo.
Futhi, lo mncintiswano ungenzeka phakathi kwezinhlobo zezilwane noma ngaphakathi kohlobo olufanayo futhi udlala indima ebalulekile ekukhetheni kwemvelo, okubalulekile kumqondo wokuziphendukela kwemvelo. Ukuvelela kwesizukulwane sabantu abanamandla kakhulu (nezinto zabo zofuzo) ngaphezu kokulingana okuncane noma ukwehluleka emncintiswaneni, ngakho-ke, kuzokwenza ukuthi uhlobo lwasendle lube ancintisane ukujwayela imvelo noma, uma kungenjalo, kuphele.
Okufanayo kwenzeka ngaphakathi kohlobo oluthile, njengoba abantu bezoncintisana ngokuthola izinsizakusebenza kanye nokuzala, okubangela ukuthi abanekhono kakhulu bakhiqize kakhulu nangcono kunokulingana okuncane.
Izinhlobo zomncintiswano
Kunezinhlobo ezintathu eziyisisekelo zomncintiswano, ngokusho kwendlela ezenzeka ngayo:
- Umncintiswano ngokuphazanyiswa. Kwenzeka lapho umuntu noma uhlobo oluthile luphazamisa, okungukuthi, luvimbela ukuncintisana kolunye noma olunye, ngokusebenzisa ubudlova noma ezinye izindlela, ukuvimbela ukufinyelela kokudla noma kwendawo yokuhlala.
- Umncintiswano wokuxhashazwa. Kwenzeka ngokungaqondile, lapho ukusetshenziswa kwesisetshenziswa noma indawo yokuhlala kushiya abanye ngaphandle, kubaphuca izidingo zabo eziyisisekelo kepha ngaphandle kobudlelwano obuqondile nomunye umuntu noma olunye uhlobo.
- Sula umncintiswano. Kungukuncintisana okuqondile phakathi kwezinhlobo ezimbili noma ezimbili zabantu ukuze kusinde, okungasho, ngokwesibonelo, ukuncintisana ukucasha esilwaneni esisodwa, kushiye esinye sidaluliwe.
Umehluko phakathi kwenhlangano nokuncintisana
- Ngokuhlangana bobabili abantu noma izinhlobo ziyasebenzisana futhi zizuze kakhulu noma ngaphansi, ngenkathi kumncintiswano oyedwa kulaba bobabili uzozuza kuphela.
- Inhlangano ivumela ukwakhiwa kwamakholoni nezindlela eziyinkimbinkimbi zokuxhumana, ngenkathi imincintiswano icindezela ukusinda noma ukubhubha kunalokho ishayela injini yokukhetha futhi ilahle.
- Usoseshini uvumela ukwabelana ngendawo nezinsizakusebenza, ngenkathi umncintiswano ukubalwela.
- Inhlangano ivumela ukusinda ngokuhlanganyela, ngenkathi ukuncintisana kuholela ekuqothulweni komunye wabancintisana nabo.
