I- ama-colloids kukhona Izingxube ezifanayoNjengezixazululo, kepha kulokhu ngesikali esincanyana, izinhlayiya zento eyodwa noma ngaphezulu ziyahlukaniswa, isigaba esihlakazekile noma esingasasebenzi, esisakazeka kwenye into ebizwa ngokuthi isigaba sokuhlakazeka noma esiqhubekayo.
Igama colloid yethulwa ngusokhemisi waseScotland uThomas Graham ku 1861 futhi lisuselwa empandeni yesiGreki ikhola (κoλλα), okusho ukuthilokho kuyabambelela"Noma"okungaqondakali”, Lokhu kuhlobene ne- impahla yalolu hlobo lwezinto ezingadluli ezihlungweni ezijwayelekile.
Kuhlelo ama-colloids, izinhlayiya ezisesigabeni esihlakazekile zinkulu ngokwanele ukusabalalisa ukukhanya (umphumela wokubuka owaziwa ngokuthi umphumela weTyndall), kodwa hhayi omncane kangako ukuthi ungagudluma futhi uhlukane. Ukuba khona kwalo mphumela wokukhanya kwenza kube lula ukuhlukanisa i-colloid kusixazululo noma isixazululo. Izinhlayiya Colloid ube nobubanzi obuphakathi kwe-1 nanometer ne-micrometer; leyo yezixazululo incane kune-nanometer eyi-1.Ama-aggregates akha ama-colloids abizwa ngama-micelles.
Isimo somzimba se-colloid sichazwa yisimo somzimba sesigaba sokuhlakazeka, esingaba uketshezi, esiqinile noma esinomoya; isigaba esihlakazekile singahambisana nolunye lwalezi zinhlobo ezintathu, yize kuma-colloids anegesi lokhu kuhlala kuwuketshezi noma okuqinile.
Izinto ze-colloidal zibalulekile ekwakhiweni kwezinto eziningi zezimboni zokusetshenziswa okuvamile nokusetshenziswa okukhulu, njenge upende, amapulasitiki, izibulala-zinambuzane zezolimo, uyinki, usimende, insipho, izinto zokugcoba, okokuhlanza, okunamathelayo nemikhiqizo yokudla ehlukahlukene. Ama-colloids aqukethe inhlabathi abamba iqhaza ekugcineni kwawo amanzi nezakhamzimba.
Kwezokwelapha, ama-colloids noma izandisi ze-plasma zinikezwa ukwandisa ivolumu ye-intravascular isikhathi eside kunokutholwa ngokusebenzisa i-crystalloids.
Ama-colloids angaba i-hydrophilic noma i-hydrophobic. Ama-surfactants anjenge insipho (usawoti wama-fatty chain acid) noma i- okokuhlanza bakha ama-colloids okuhlangana, avumela ukuzinza kwama-hydrophobic colloids.
Lapho umehluko ocacile ungenziwa phakathi kwesigaba esihlakazekile nendawo yokuhlakaza, ibizwa ngokuthi i-colloid elula. Kunamanye ama-colloid ayinkimbinkimbi kakhulu, njengezinhlelo ze-colloidal, lapho zombili izigaba zakhiwa ngamanethiwekhi angenayo (izingilazi ezihlanganisiwe nama-gel amaningi nama-okhilimu alolu hlobo), kanye nalawo okuthiwa ama-colloids amaningi, lapho okusakazeka khona okuphakathi kuhlala khona ngezigaba ezimbili noma ngaphezulu ezihlakazekile, ezihlukaniswe kahle. Kunikezwe izibonelo ezingamashumi amabili zama-colloids ngezansi:
- Ukhilimu wobisi
- Ubisi
- Upende weLatex
- Igwebu
- Ijeli
- Inkungu
- Intuthu
- I-Montmorillonite namanye amabumba e-silicate
- Izinto eziphilayo
- Uqwanga lwenkomo
- Okuphuma ku-albhamu
- I-Plasma
- Ama-Dextrans
- Isitashi se-Hydroethyl
- Ithambo elilukiwe
- Intuthu
- Izinto zokugeza
- Ijeli yesilica
- I-titanium oxide
- URuby
