Izibonelo Zamanoveli

-Delile

Izinhlobo zamanoveli
Izibonelo zamanoveli

I- inoveli Kungumsebenzi obanzi wokubhala olandisa imicimbi engahle ibe yindaba eqanjiwe noma engeke yenziwe. Ngokwesibonelo: Iminyaka eyi-100 yokuba wedwa (UGabriel Garcia Marquez), Ubugebengu nokujeziswa (UFyodor Dostoyevsky), UDon Quijote waseLa Mancha (UMiguel de Cervantes).

Ngokungafani nezindaba, nazo eziyingxenye yohlobo lokulandisa, amanoveli made futhi ajwayele ukufaka inani elikhulu labalingiswa, izilungiselelo nemicimbi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, icebo lalo liyinkimbinkimbi futhi umbhali unikezela isikhala esengeziwe kwizincazelo nemininingwane ngezinhloso zobuhle.

Njenganoma imuphi umbhalo olandisayo, inoveli ihlelwe izingxenye ezintathu:

Isingeniso. Kungukuqala kwendaba, lapho kwethulwa khona abalingiswa nezinhloso zabo, ngaphezu "kokujwayelekile" kwendaba, okuzoshintshwa kufindo.
Knot. Ukungqubuzana okuphazamisa okwejwayelekile kwethulwe futhi kwenzeka imicimbi ebaluleke kakhulu.
Umphumela. Umvuthwandaba wenziwa futhi ingxabano isixazululiwe.

Bheka futhi: Umbhalo wezincwadi

Izinhlobo zamanoveli

Ngokusho kokuqukethwe kwabo, izinhlobo ezilandelayo zamanoveli zingabonakala:

Ezinganekwane zeSayensi. Babalisa ngomthelela ocatshangwa ukuthi ubuchwepheshe obuthile noma inqubekela phambili yesayensi ingaba nawo emhlabeni.
Wezigigaba. Balandisa uhambo noma uhambo olwenziwa ngumlingiswa oyinhloko kusukela ekuqaleni kuze kube sekugcineni. Indaba ikhombisa ukuthi lolo hambo lumguqula kanjani umlingiswa, ongeke esafana nangesikhathi ehamba.
Amaphoyisa. Itulo lelo ligxile ekuxazululeni ubugebengu kanye nokuchazwa kwesisusa sakhe. Abalingisi bayo bavame ukuba ngamaphoyisa, abaphenyi abazimele, abameli noma abaseshi.
Ezothando I-eroticism kanye nobudlelwano bothando yiwona-eksisi walolu hlobo lokulandisa. Ebizwa nangokuthi amanoveli ama-rose, kule mibhalo uthando luhlala lunqoba lapho kubhekene nobunzima.
Okuthusayo. Inhloso yayo enkulu ukudala ukwesaba nokungezwani kubafundi bayo. Ukuze wenze lokhu, umbhali usebenzisa ukuzilibazisa komkhathi, ngaphezu kobukhona bezinhlaka ezingaphezulu kwezemvelo nezesabekayo.
Kuyamangalisa. Bachaza umhlaba ongaba khona owadalwa kusuka emcabangweni. Lo mhlaba unemithetho ehlukile, abalingiswa nezakhi ezahlukile kunezwe langempela.
Kuyiqiniso. Ngokungafani namanoveli amafantasy, axoxa izindaba ezenzeka emhlabeni wangempela, ngakho-ke ziyakholeka. Izincazelo zigcwele, imicimbi itshelwa ngokulandelana kwayo, futhi kwesinye isikhathi indaba ifaka isifundo sokuziphatha noma senhlalo.

INGANEKWANE YESAYENSI

1984. Le noveli yabhalwa nguBrithani uGeorge Orwell maphakathi neminyaka yo-1940. Yi-dystopia enenkanyezi uWinston Smith, ovukela uhulumeni wobushiqela okuyo yonke indawo obuka futhi ajezise izakhamuzi zayo ngisho nangemicabango yazo.
Umhlaba ojabulayo. Ibhalwe yi-British Aldous Huxley, le dystopia yashicilelwa okokuqala ngqa ngo-1932. Iqukethe ukunqoba kokuthengwa nokunethezeka, kanye nokushiya izindinganiso zabantu ezibalulekile. Umphakathi uzikhiqiza kabusha nge-vitro, njengokungathi ulayini womhlangano.

KWEZIKHATHI

Emhlabeni jikelele ngezinsuku ezingama-80. Le noveli ebhalwe ngumFulentshi uJules Verne ilandisa ngohambo olwenziwa umnumzane waseBrithani uPhileas Fogg ehamba nomqaphi wakhe ongumFulentshi “Passepartout”, ngemuva kokubheja lapho ebeka engcupheni ingxenye yemali yakhe, eqinisekile ukuthi uzojikeleza umhlaba ngezinsuku ezingama-80. Umbhalo ushicilelwe ngezigaba ku Wena Tems, phakathi kukaNovemba noDisemba 1872.
Isiqhingi somcebo. UJim Hawkins osemncane usebenza nabazali bakhe endlini yezihambi. Ngelinye ilanga kufika ikhehla elidabukile futhi elidakwa ngokweqile, okuthi lapho lifa, lishiye ibalazwe ukuze lithole umcebo, owangcwatshwa yipirate Flint esiqhingini esishisayo. Le nsizwa igibela umkhumbi ukuze ifike esiqhingini esithandekayo, kepha kufanele ihlale neqembu labaphangi, eliholwa nguJohn Silver, nabo abafuna ukuthola impango. Ibhalwe nguScotsman uRobert Louis Stevenson, le noveli yahlelwa phakathi kuka-1881 no-1882 kumagazini Bantu abasha.

Bheka futhi: I-Epic

Amaphoyisa

I-Falcon yaseMalta. Ubhalwe nguDashiell Hammett, lo mbhalo washicilelwa okokuqala ngqa ngo-1930. Leli cebo liyaqhubeka eSan Francisco, lapho umphenyi wangasese uSam Spade kumele axazulule khona ubugebengu ngokucela kweklayenti elenza inkanuko.
Inhloli eyavela emakhazeni. Ishicilelwe ngo-1963, le noveli ebhalwe nguJohn le Carré inenhloli eyinhloko yaseBrithani u-Alec Leamas, okwathi ngokwesimo seMpi Yomshoshaphansi, kumele enze umsebenzi wokulwa nenhloko yamaphoyisa ase-East Germany.

KWEZIMBALI

Ukuziqhenya nokubandlulula. Lalotshwa yiBrithani uJane Austen ngo-1813. Lesi sakhiwo sibekwa eLondon ngasekupheleni kwekhulu le-18 futhi kunomndeni wakwaBennet njengomlingiswa waso oyinhloko. Ngemuva kokushona komyeni wakhe, uNkk. Bennet ubona emshadweni okuwukuphela kwendlela yokuphuma yamadodakazi akhe amahlanu, okungabesifazane, angeke azuze ifa lempahla.
Njengamanzi woShokoledi. Ishicilelwe ngo-1989, le noveli ekhanga ubuqiniso bemilingo yabhalwa nguLaura Esquivel waseMexico. Le ndaba igxile empilweni kaTita, izindaba zakhe zothando, nasempilweni yomndeni wakhe. Ukudla kwaseMexico kanye nezindlela zokupheka kukhona kuwo wonke umlando, kusethwe ngesikhathi seNguquko yaseMexico.

UKUTHUKA

IHorla. Le noveli, ebhalwe ngesimo sedayari, ilandisa ukwesaba okuhlaselwe yi-protagonist yayo lapho izwa ubukhona besidalwa esingabonakali njalo ebusuku. I-French Guy de Maupassant ingumbhali walo msebenzi okwaziwa ngawo izinhlobo ezintathu, ezashicilelwa ngawo-1880.
Into. Ushicilelwe ngo-1986, lo msebenzi obhalwe yi-American Stephen King uxoxa ngendaba yeqembu lezingane eziyisikhombisa ezethuswa ukuba khona kwesilo esishintsha isimo futhi esidla ubuphekula obudala kubashushisi baso.

FANTASTIC

INkosi yamasongo. Kubhalwe ngu-J.R.R. Tolkien, le ndaba yenzeka endaweni ecatshangelwayo, eMnyakeni Wesithathu Womhlaba ophakathi nendawo. Abantu, ama-elves nama-hobbits bahlala lapho, phakathi kwezinye izidalwa zangempela futhi ezinhle. Le noveli ilandisa ngohambo olwenziwa nguFrodo Baggins lokucekela phansi "iringi eyodwa", ezokhipha impi yokulwa nesitha sakhe.
harry potter kanye netshe lefilosofi. Ishicilelwe ngo-1997, ingeyokuqala endabeni yezincwadi eziyisikhombisa eyabhalwa ngumlobi waseBrithani uJ. K. Rowling. Ixoxa indaba kaHarry, umfana okhule nomalume bakhe nomzala wakhe ngemuva kokushona kwabazali bakhe. Ngosuku lwakhe lokuzalwa lweshumi nanye, uthola uchungechunge lwezincwadi ezizoguqula impilo yakhe. UHarry uqala ukuba yingxenye yomphakathi wemilingo, ngemuva kokungena esikoleni seHogwarts. Lapho uzokwenza abangani abazomsiza abhekane nalo mthakathi owabulala abazali bakhe.

NGEMPELA

Nkosazana bovary. Yabhalwa ngumlobi waseFrance uGustave Flaubert futhi yashicilelwa ngokulandelana ngawo-1850. Ilandisa ngempilo ka-Emma Bovary, oshada nodokotela ashiye izwe ayehlala kulo. Amaphupho akhe agcina eshayisana neqiniso elihlukile kunaleli ayeliphupha futhi walifeza.
U-Anna Karenina. Ibhalwe nguLeo Tolstoy waseRussia, le noveli yashicilelwa ngawo-1870 futhi isethwe ngekhulu le-19 le-Saint Petersburg. Isitshela ngendaba yowesifazane (u-Anna Karenina) oshade nomphathiswa wobukhosi waseRussia, onobudlelwano no-Count Vronsky, obangela ihlazo emphakathini ophakeme.