-Delile
- Ama-Organelles kumaseli we-eukaryotic
- Ama-Organelles kumaseli we-prokaryotic
- Izibonelo zama-organelles kumaseli e-eukaryotic
- Izibonelo zama-organelles kumaseli we-prokaryotic
I- izinhlangano noma ama-organelles amaselula ayizakhiwo ezingaphakathi kwawo wonke amaseli. Ziyahlukahluka ku-morphology futhi ziyehluka komunye nomunye ngomsebenzi ngamunye owufeza ngaphakathi kweseli. Ngokwesibonelo: i-mitochondria, izinsiza ze-Golgi, ama-ribosomes.
Ama-Organelles akhona kumaseli e-eukaryotic naseprokaryotic. Uhlobo nenombolo yama-organelles anayo iseli incike ngqo ekusebenzeni nasekuhlelweni kwayo. Ngokwesibonelo: amaseli ezitshalo ane-chloroplast organelle (ebhekene ne-photosynthesis).
Ama-Organelles kumaseli we-eukaryotic
Amaseli e-eukaryotic yiwo ane-nucleus yeseli equkethe i-DNA. Zikhona ezintweni eziphilayo ezinama-unicellular kanye nama-multicellular. Ngokwesibonelo: iseli lesilwane, iseli lesitshalo.
Lolu hlobo lwamaseli lwakhiwe ngesakhiwo esine-ulwelwesi, i-nucleus yeseli kanye ne-cytoplasm (lapho kutholakala khona inani elikhulu lama-cell organelles). Ama-Organelles avumela amaseli e-eukaryotic ukuthi akhetheke kakhulu kunamaseli e-prokaryotic.
- Ingakusiza: Amaseli akhethekile
Ama-Organelles kumaseli we-prokaryotic
Amaseli we-Prokaryotic yiwo angenayo i-cell cell. Zikhona ezintweni eziphilayo ezinama-unicellular. Zinesakhiwo esincane futhi aziyinkimbinkimbi kunamaseli e-eukaryotic. Ngokwesibonelo: i amagciwane, imengamo.
Ngokungafani namaseli e-eukaryotic, ama-prokaryotes anezinhlobonhlobo ezincane zama-organelles esakhiweni sawo, ezahluka ngokuya ngezici nemisebenzi yeseli ngalinye futhi atholakala kwamanye kuphela. Ngokwesibonelo: ama-ribosomes noma ama-plasmids.
Amaseli we-Prokaryotic abelana nge-membrane, i-cytoplasm, i-ribosomes, kanye nezinto zofuzo neseli le-eukaryotic.
Izibonelo zama-organelles kumaseli e-eukaryotic
- Udonga lweselula. Isakhiwo esiqinile esivikela amaseli atholakala ezitshalweni, isikhunta nakwamanye amaseli e-prokaryotic. Yenziwe ngama-carbohydrate namaprotheni. Lolu donga lweseli luvikela iseli emvelweni ongaphandle.
- Ulwelwesi lweplasma. I-lipid bilayer ezacile equkethe ama-molecule wamaprotheni. Iyanwebeka futhi umsebenzi wayo ukulawula ukungena nokuphuma kwezinto esitokisini. Kuvikela ukwakheka nobuqotho beseli ezintweni zangaphandle zemvelo. Kubuye kube namaseli we-prokaryotic.
- I-reticulum embi ye-endoplasmic. Inethiwekhi yolwelwesi olutholakala cishe kuwo wonke amaseli eukaryotic. Umsebenzi wawo ukuhlanganiswa nokuthuthwa kwamaprotheni. Inama-ribosomes ayenza ibukeke kabi.
- I-reticulum ebushelelezi ye-endoplasmic. Ulwelwesi oluqhubeka ne-reticulum elibuhlungu le-endoplasmic kodwa olungenawo ama-ribosomes.Imisebenzi yayo ifaka ukuthuthwa kwamaseli, ukuhlanganiswa kwe-lipid nokugcinwa kwe-calcium.
- AmaRibosomes. Izakhiwo ze-Supramolecular ezitholakala ngobuningi cishe kuwo wonke amaseli e-eukaryotic. Umsebenzi wawo ukuhlanganisa amaprotheni avela kulwazi oluqukethwe ku-DNA. Zitholakala mahhala ku-cytoplasm noma zinanyathiselwe ku-reticulum enesifo esibi se-endoplasmic. Zikhona futhi kumaseli we-prokaryotic.
- Izinsiza zeGolgi. Uchungechunge lolwelwesi umsebenzi walo ukuthutha nokupakisha amaprotheni. Inesibopho sokwakha i-gluco-lipids ne-gluco-protein.
- IMitochondria. Izakhiwo zomumo ovulekile noma oval obhekene nokunikeza amandla esitokisini. Bahlanganisa i-adenosine triphosphate (ATP) ngokuphefumula kwamaselula. Atholakala cishe kuwo wonke amaseli eukaryotic.
- I-Vacuoles. Izakhiwo ezikhona kuwo wonke amaseli ezitshalo. Ziyahlukahluka kuye ngeseli ekuyo. Umsebenzi wabo ukugcina nokuhamba. Ziba nomthelela ekukhuleni kwezitho zomzimba nezicubu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, bayangenelela kunqubo ye-homeostasis (ukulawulwa komzimba).
- Ama-Microtubules. Izakhiwo ze-Tubular ezinemisebenzi yazo: ukuthuthwa kwangaphakathi kwamaseli, ukunyakaza nokuhlelwa kwama-organelles esitokisini nokungenelela kokuhlukaniswa kwamaseli (kokubili ku-mitosis naku-meiosis).
- Ama-Vesicles Amasaka ama-Intracellular anomsebenzi wawo ukugcina, ukudlulisa noma ukuqondisa imfucumfucu yeselula. Zihlukaniswe ne- cytoplasm ulwelwesi.
- AmaLysosomes Izikhwama eziyindilinga ezinama-enzyme wokugaya ukudla. Imisebenzi yabo ifaka ukuthuthwa kwamaprotheni, ukugaywa kwamaselula kanye ne-phagocytosis yamagciwane ahlasela iseli. Zikhona kuwo wonke amaseli ezilwane. Akhiwa amathuluzi kaGolgi.
- Isizinda. Isakhiwo esiyimbumbulu esiqukethe i-DNA ngaphakathi kwama-macromolecule abizwa ngama-chromosomes. Itholakala kuphela kumaseli e-eukaryotic.
- I-Nucleolus Isifunda esingaphakathi kwe-nucleus esakhiwe yi-RNA namaprotheni. Umsebenzi wawo ukuhlanganiswa kwe-RNA ye-ribosomal.
- Ama-chloroplast. Ama-Plast atholakala kuphela kuma-algae namaseli ezitshalo. Banesibopho sokwenza inqubo ye-photosynthesis esitokisini. Zinezikhwama zangaphakathi eziqukethe i-chlorophyll.
- Ama-melanosomas. Izakhiwo eziyindilinga noma ezinde eziqukethe i-melanin, i-pigment edonsa ukukhanya. Atholakala kumaseli ezilwane.
- I-Centrosome. Isikhungo sokuhlela iMicrotubule sikhona kwamanye amaseli ezilwane. Ubamba iqhaza ekuhlukanisweni kwamaseli nezinqubo zokuhamba. Hlela ama-microtubules esitokisini.
- ICytoskeleton Uhlaka lwamaprotheni olunikeza ukwakheka futhi luhlele izingxenye zangaphakathi zeseli. Ibamba iqhaza kuthrafikhi we-intracellular kanye nokwahlukaniswa kwamaseli.
- UCilia. Ama-villi amancane, amafushane futhi amaningi avumela ukuhamba kwamaseli nokuhamba. Atholakala ebusweni bezinhlobo eziningi zamaseli.
- UFlagella. Uhlelo lwezingqimba ezinde nezincane ezivumela ukuhamba kwamaseli futhi zibambe iqhaza ekubambeni kokudla.
- Ama-Peroxisomes. Izakhiwo ezinjenge-Vesicle ezifeza imisebenzi ye-metabolic. Atholakala kumaseli amaningi eukaryotic.
- Ama-Amyloplast. Ama-Plast atholakala kwamanye amaseli ezitshalo anomsebenzi wawo ukugcinwa kwesitashi.
- AmaChromoplast. Iziqholo ezitholakala kwamanye amaseli ezitshalo ezigcina izinhlayiya ezinikeza izimbali zezitshalo, iziqu, izithelo nezimpande umbala wazo.
- Amaprotheni. Ama-Plast atholakala kwamanye amaseli ezitshalo umsebenzi wawo ukugcina amaprotheni.
- Ama-Oleoplast. Amapuleti atholakala kwamanye amaseli ezitshalo anomsebenzi wawo ukugcina owoyela noma amafutha.
- Glioxisome. Uhlobo lwe-peroxisome olukhona kwamanye amaseli ezitshalo aguqula ama-lipids abe ama-carbohydrate ngesikhathi sokuhluma kwembewu.
- I-Acrosome. IVesicle etholakala ekugcineni kwekhanda lesidoda eliqukethe ama-enzyme e-hydrolytic.
- I-Hydrogenosome. Isakhiwo esikhawulelwe ulwelwesi esikhiqiza i-hydrogen yamangqamuzana ne-ATP.
Izibonelo zama-organelles kumaseli we-prokaryotic
- I-Nucleoid. Isifunda seseli esime ngokungajwayelekile samaseli e-prokaryotic aqukethe i-DNA yeseli.
- Ama-Plasmids Izakhiwo eziyindilinga eziqukethe izinto zofuzo zeseli. Babizwa nangokuthi "izakhi zofuzo ezihambayo." Zikhona kuma-bacteria nase-archaea.
- UPili. Izandiso ezitholakala ebusweni bama-bacteria amaningi. Bafeza imisebenzi eyehlukene njengokuhamba kweseli noma ukuxhumana phakathi kwamagciwane.
- Ingakusiza: Izinto ezinama-Unicellular kanye nama-multicellular
