'osekudlule okulula'kuyinto Sikhatsi sekukhuluma lisetshenziswe olimini lwesiNgisi ukubhekisa kulo izehlakalo ezenzeke esikhathini esedlule ezingenasixhumanisi samanje, yize kungenzeka banayo kumongo othile.
I- osekudlule okulula nguyena inkathi elula edlule yolimi lweSpanishi futhi kulezi zilimi ezimbili uhlobo oluvame kakhulu lwesikhathi esedlule ngaphandle kwenani lokuhlala. Lokhu kumelela inkathi yesenzo esivame kakhulu emisebenzini elandelwayo, njengezindaba ezimfishane namanoveli, nasemibhalweni yomlando.
Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi isimo se- osekudlule okulula Akunikezwa ngebanga lesikhashana phakathi komcimbi okukhulunywa ngawo nesikhathi samanje, kepha kusekelwe kokuthi isenzo senzekile futhi saphela. Lokhu kuyahlukanisa okuqhubekayo okwedlule (okwedlule okuqhubekayo), kuvame ukuhlotshaniswa namagama afana nokuthi 'ngenkathi', 'ngenkathi' noma 'ngesikhathi'.
Kusikhulumi esingenaso isiNgisi njengolimi lwaso lwebele, indlela yokuthola isidingo sokusebenzisa ukuhlanganiswa kwezinto ezilula zangaphambilini inganoma iyiphi kwesimo lokho kunquma indawo yesikhathi esedlule, isibonelo izolo (izolo), ngesonto eledlule (ngesonto eledlule), eminyakeni emibili eyedlule (eminyakeni emibili eyedlule).
Okulula okwedlule ngeke kusetshenziswe uma kuvela ukuthi igama elithi 'since' livela, okusho ukuthi 'kusuka', ngoba kuleso simo kukhona ukuphikelela kwesenzo, esidinga ukusetshenziswa kwezinye izinhlobo zezenzo.
Bhekafuthi: Izibonelo ze-Present Simple ngesiNgisi
Ngendlela yayo yokuvuma 'okwedlule okulula' kwakhiwa ngaphandle kwesenzo esisizayo, esimweni sayo sokubuza noma esingesihle kudinga isenzo njengomsizi 'konke' (ngokufana nalokho okwenzeka ngokulula okukhona manje), okuthi kulokhu 'kwenziwe'.
Uma ufuna ukuveza okulula okwedlule ngefomu lokubuza imibuzo, kufanele uqale ngalesi sinhlayiyana esisizayo silandelwe impande yesenzo (okungukuthi, isenzo esingapheli ngaphandle kwe 'to'), ngenkathi ufuna ukuveza isenzo esedlule esibi, wena izobhala 'ayenzanga' noma ukusikwa kwayo (akuzange).
Njengasolimini lwaseSpain, esikhathini esidlule izenzi ezilula zingahlanganiswa ngezindlela ezimbili: njenge njalo noma njengoba okungajwayelekile. Abokuqala baphethe isiphetho 'ed' noma 'd', kuyilapho esokugcina singalandeli umthetho othile, noma kunemindeni ethile engajwayelekile ephinda uhlelo olufanayo.
Iningi le- izichazamazwi IsiNgisi sifaka isigaba se- izenzo ezingajwayelekile ngezihlanganisi zazo ezihambisanayo ezilula ezedlule. Phakathi kwalabo abangajwayelekile, bagqama njengabasetshenziswa kabanzi 'did' (isenzo: to do = do / auxiliary), 'bakade be'(isenzo: to be = to be or to be / assistive),' had '(isenzo: to have = to / assist), nezinye izinto ezingelona usizo, ezifana nokuthi' went '(past of go go = was) noma ´flew '(kudluliswe kusuka ukundiza = kundiza).
Bhekafuthi: Izibonelo zezigwebo ezinesenzo esithi To Be
| 1. Ngilihambile izwe lakho ehlobo eledlule |
| 2. Izolo ngihlangane nomyeni wakho ebhayisikobho |
| 3. Wayengumuntu owasindisa impilo yami |
| 4. Ububonile ubuso bakhe? |
| 5. Sahamba ngebhasi kuleso senzakalo |
| 6. Ngithenge le moto ngoJanuwari |
| 7. Kuthe kusenjalo, kwaqhamuka uTom endlini yami wacela umfowabo |
| 8. Angizange ngicabange ngalokho, ngiyaxolisa! |
| 9. Ngabe waya eParis ngo-Agasti ka-2008? |
| 10. Abakwenzanga |
| 11. Lana ubusuku bonke |
| 12. Uthenge kuphi lawo chocolate? |
| 13. Ngiqinisekile ukuthi wayekhona, ngambona |
| 14. Ngesikhathi ngiseyingane, ngangingathandi amahhashi |
| 15. Ngonyaka odlule ngaya eYurophu nomalumekazi |
| 16. Ngikubhalele inothi, awulibonanga? |
| 17. UPaul akazange afundele isivivinyo |
| 18. Sasingabangane abakhulu ngesikhathi sesikole |
| 19. Usibonile isakhiwo esisha phakathi nendawo? |
| 20. Abazange bamkholwe |
U-Andrea unguthisha wolimi, futhi kwi-akhawunti yakhe ye-Instagram unikeza izifundo eziyimfihlo ngocingo lwevidiyo ukuze ufunde ukukhuluma isiNgisi.
