-Delile
Kakhulu i-neurosis Ini i-psychosis yimibandela yokusetshenziswa kwezengqondo, i-psychology kanye ne-psychoanalysis, okungukuthi, ezifundeni ezahlukahlukene ezifunda ingqondo yomuntu, ukubhekisa ezifundeni ezithile zengqondo ezibhekwa njengezifo noma zezifo. Kodwa-ke, ngayinye inesicelo sayo kanye nomlando wayo othile.
Ngu i-neurosis Kuyaqondakala kulezi zindawo esesikhulume ngazo isethi yokuphazamiseka kwengqondo okubonakala ngokungahambi kahle nangokukhathazeka. Leli gama laqanjwa ngasekupheleni kwekhulu le-18, kepha lathola incazelo efana nalena ekhona ekuqaleni konyaka wama-20, ngenxa yemisebenzi esendaweni kaSigmund Freud noPierre Janet, phakathi kwabanye. Namuhla ilahliwe njengesichazi somtholampilo ngenxa yesethi yezithombe zomtholampilo, ezibizwa iziyaluyalu.
Esikhundleni salokho, ngu i-psychosis Lezi ziyalo ziqonda isimo sengqondo sokulahlekelwa ukuxhumana, noma ukwahlukana kuso, neqiniso elizungezile. Lokhu kungasho ukusangana, ukukhohlisa, izinguquko zobuntu, noma izikhathi zokucabanga okuhlukanisayo. Ngoba izimo ezahlukahlukene ezingokwengqondo, ze-neuronal, ngisho nezebhayoloji zingadala ikhefu le-psychotic, kuvame ukuqhathaniswa nomkhuhlane njengesibonakaliso esingaqondile sokuthi kukhona okungahambi kahle. Lokhu kuqhuma kungaba kwesikhashana futhi kungaphindeki empilweni yesiguli, noma okungapheli.
Izibonelo ze-neurosis
- Izinkinga zokucindezeleka. Yiziqephu zokudangala, zombili ezimnene, ezilinganiselayo noma ezinzima, lapho zikhona noma ezingekho izimpawu ze-somatic, ezingamahlalakhona noma eziphindaphindayo, njenge-dysthymia ne-cyclothymia.
- Izinkinga zokukhathazeka. Izimo lapho umcabango unganqandeki futhi uhamba nawo imizwa yosizi ebuyela emuva kulo mjikelezo. Lokho kungama-phobias, ukuphazamiseka kokucindezela ngokweqile, ukuphazamiseka kwangemva kokuhlukumezeka, noma ukukhathazeka ngokweqile.
- Izinkinga ze-Dissociative. Lezo lapho ukuqhubeka kokuqonda kuphazanyiswa khona, njengama-fugue psychogenic kanye nama-amnesias, ukuphazamiseka kokuziphatha komuntu, ukuba ne-trance.
- Ukuphazamiseka kweSomatoform. Lokho kuhlobene nombono oshintshiwe womzimba noma impilo yomzimba: i-hypochondria, i-dysmorphophobia, ubuhlungu be-somatoform, i-somatization.
- Izinkinga zokulala. Ukuqwasha, ukuqaqanjelwa yithemba, ukwesaba ebusuku, ukulala, phakathi kwabanye.
- Izinkinga zocansi. Lokhu kuphazamiseka, okuxhunyaniswe nomsebenzi wezocansi, kubhekwe ngokwesiko ngaphakathi kohlaka lwezigaba ezimbili: ukungasebenzi (ukuphikisana ngokocansi, i-anorgasmia, ukungabi namandla, i-vaginismus, njll.) Kanye ne-paraphilias (i-exhibitionism, i-pedophilia, i-masochism, i-sadism, i-voyeurism, njll.). Lesi sigaba sokugcina siphikisana njalo.
- Ukuphazamiseka kokulawula umfutho. Lezo lapho isihloko singenabhuleki ekuziphatheni okuthile, njenge-kleptomania, ukugembula, i-pyromania, i-trichotillomania.
- Ukuphazamiseka okuyiqiniso. Izimpawu zikabani, ngokomzimba noma ngokwengqondo, ezizenzele zona isiguli, ukuthola ukunakwa ngabasebenzi bezokwelapha.
- Izinkinga eziguqukayo. Isici sokuphendula ngokomzwelo esimweni esicindezelayo ezinyangeni zayo zokuqala ezintathu, nalapho ukungaphatheki kahle kudlula kakhulu izisusa ezikudalile.
- Ukuphazamiseka kwemizwelo. Lokho kuxhunyaniswe nokuntuleka okubonakalayo kokulawulwa kwemizwelo nezinto ezingathandeki, njenge-bipolarity, ukuphazamiseka okuthile kokucindezeleka noma i-mania.
Izibonelo zengqondo
- Ischizophrenia. Leli yigama elinikezwe ukuhlupheka okungapheli kwesethi yokuphazamiseka kwengqondo okungathi sína, okuvimbela ukusebenza okujwayelekile kwe-psyche, kuguqula umbono wayo weqiniso, ukuqwashisa kwayo ngeqiniso kanye nokukhuthaza ukuhleleka kokujula kwengqondo. Kuyisifo esiwohlozayo.
- Isifo seSchizophreniform. Iyaziwa ngokuba nezimpawu eziningi ze-schizophrenia, kepha futhi nokuhlala isikhathi eside phakathi kwenyanga eyi-1 nengu-6. Ukubuyiselwa okugcwele, ngokungafani ne-schizophrenia, kungenzeka.
- Isifo seSchizoaffective. Kubonakala ngokuba khona okungapheli futhi okuvamile kweziqephu ze-mania, ukudangala noma i-bipolarity, okuhambisana nemibono yezindlebe, ukukhohlisa okuphambene nalokho nokungasebenzi kahle kwezenhlalo nakwezomsebenzi. Kuhilela izinga eliphakeme lokuzibulala.
- Ukuphazamiseka kokudideka. Eyaziwa njenge-psychosis ye-paranoid, yaziwa ngokuvela kokukhohlisa okungeyona into exakile, okuvame ukuholela ekuboneni okunciphisayo, okweqile, noma okuthambile okuhambisana nemibono ye-paranoid. Imvamisa ayihambisani nezimpawu ze-schizophrenia noma imibono ebonakalayo kakhulu, kepha iphazamisa imisebenzi yezenhlalo ngemibono esontekile yabanye neyakho uqobo.
- Kwabiwe ukuphazamiseka kwengqondo. Ihlukumeza abantu ababili noma ngaphezulu abanenkolelo yokuphamba noma yokukhohlisa, ngohlobo lokutheleleka. Kuyisifo esingajwayelekile neze.
- Ukuphazamiseka kwengqondo okufushane. Kubhekwa njengokuqhamuka kwesikhashana kwengqondo, okukhuthazwa yizimo ezingaqinisekile, njengokushintsha okungazelelwe emvelweni (abokufika, izisulu zokuthumba) noma izifo zengqondo esezivele zikhona. Kuvame kakhulu kubantu abasha futhi kuvela kaningi kakhulu.
- I-Catatonic syndrome noma i-catatonia. Kubhekwa njengengxenye encane ye-schizophrenia, ibonakala ngokuphazamisa ukusebenza kwezimoto, ukufaka isiguli esimweni sokucobeka ngokweqile.
- Ukuphazamiseka kobuntu beSchizoid. Ihlupha abangaphansi kwe-1% yenani labantu emhlabeni, ngokuhlukaniswa okunzima emphakathini kanye nokuvinjelwa kokuveza imizwa, okungukuthi, ukubanda ngokweqile nokungabi nandaba nabanye.
- Ukuphazamiseka Kwengqondo Okubangelwa Yizinto. Njengezidakamizwa ze-hallucinogenic, izidakamizwa ezinamandla, noma ubuthi obukhulu.
- Ukuphazamiseka kwengqondo ngenxa yokugula. Okujwayelekile kweziguli ezinamathumba obuchopho, ukutheleleka kwe-CNS noma ezinye izifo ezidala izimpawu ezifana ne-psychosis.
