Izibonelo Zemithetho Yesayensi

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Izibonelo zemithetho yesayensi

I- imithetho yesayensi Yiziphakamiso ezisho ubudlelwano obuhlala njalo phakathi kokungenani izici ezimbili. Lezi ziphakamiso zivezwa ngolimi oluhlelekile noma nangolimi lwezibalo.

Imithetho yesayensi ihlala iqinisekiswa, okungukuthi, ingaqinisekiswa.

Imithetho yesayensi ingabhekisa kuyo izenzakalo zemvelo, uma kunjalo babizwa imithetho yemvelo.
Kodwa-ke, zingabhekisa nasezenzakalweni zenhlalo, ezimweni lapho zenziwe khona Isayensi yezenhlalo. Ziyaqinisekiswa ngoba zikhombisa izici ezijwayelekile ezenzakalweni eziningi ezahlukahlukene zomphakathi. Isayensi yezenhlalo ingachaza imithetho yokuziphatha. Kodwa-ke, ngokuhamba kwesikhathi kungatholakala ukuthi eminye imithetho yesayensi yezenhlalo isebenza kuphela ezimeni ezithile zomlando.
Imithetho yesayensi ichaza ukuxhumana okukhona phakathi kwesiphikisayo (imbangela) nomphumela (umphumela).Buka: Izibonelo zembangela nomphumela.

Konke Isayensi Zenziwa ngokuya ngemithetho ejwayelekile yesayensi kanye nemithetho ethile yesiyalo ngasinye.

Ngaphambi kokuphimisela umthetho, kuyadingeka ukuthi usosayensi noma iqembu lososayensi baphakamise igama elithi a umbono okube sekuqinisekiswa ngemininingwane kakhonkolo. Ukuze i-hypothesis ibe ngumthetho, kufanele iqoke into eqhubekayo futhi kufanele ihlolwe ezimweni ezihlukile.

Umthetho we-Friction, qala ukubeka kuqala: ukumelana nokushibilika okushisayo phakathi kwemizimba emibili kuyalingana namandla ajwayelekile akhiwe phakathi kwabo.
Umthetho we-Friction, owesibili wokumiswa: ukumelana nokushibilika okushisayo phakathi kwemizimba emibili akuzimele ngobukhulu bokuxhumana phakathi kwabo.
Umthetho Wokuqala KaNewton. Umthetho we-inertia. U-Isaac Newton wayengusosayensi, umsunguli nesazi sezibalo. Uthole imithetho elawula i-classical physics. Umthetho wawo wokuqala uthi: "Wonke umzimba uphikelela esimeni sawo sokuphumula noma umfaniswano noma i-rectilinear motion, ngaphandle kwalapho uphoqelelwa ukushintsha isimo sawo, ngamabutho agxishiwe kuwo."
Umthetho wesibili kaNewton. Umthetho oyisisekelo we-dynamics.- "Ushintsho ekunyakazeni lilingana ngqo namandla esisusa aphrintiwe futhi lwenzeka ngokuya ngomugqa oqondile lapho lawo mandla ephrintiwe khona."
Umthetho wesithathu kaNewton. Umgomo wesenzo nokuphendula. "Isenzo ngasinye sihambisana nokusabela"; "Ngaso sonke isenzo isenzo esilinganayo nesiphikisayo sihlala senzeka, okusho ukuthi, izenzo zomzimba ezimbili zihlala zilingana futhi ziqondiswa kolunye uhlangothi."
Umthetho kaHubble: Umthetho womzimba. Ubizwa ngomthetho wokwandiswa komhlaba. Kuthunyelwe ngu-Edwin Powell Hubble, isazi sezinkanyezi saseMelika sangekhulu lama-20. I-redshift yomthala ilingana nebanga layo.
Umthetho weCoulomb: Iphinyiswe nguCharles-Augustin de Coulomb, isazi sezibalo saseFrance, isayensi yemvelo nonjiniyela. Umthetho uthi, uma kunikezwe ukusebenzisana kwamacala amabili okuphumula, ubukhulu bamandla kagesi ngamunye asebenzisana nawo ahambelana ngqo nomkhiqizo wobukhulu bamacala womabili, futhi ngokulingana ngokulingana nesikwele sebanga lelo iyabahlukanisa. Ukuqondiswa kwayo yilokho kolayini abaxhuma imithwalo. Uma amacala enophawu olufanayo, umbutho uyenyanyeka. Uma amacala engelophawu oluphikisanayo, amabutho ayenyanyeka.
Umthetho ka-Ohm: Iphinyiswe uGeorg Simon Ohm, isazi sefilosofi saseJalimane nesazi sezibalo. Kugcina ukuthi umehluko ongaba khona u-V ovela phakathi kwemikhawulo yomqhubi onikeziwe ulingana nobukhulu be-I yamanje ejikeleza ngomqhubi oshiwo. Phakathi kuka-V nami isici sokulingana ngu-R: ukumelana naso ngogesi.
- Inkulumo yezibalo yoMthetho ka-Ohm: V = R. Mina
Umthetho wezingcindezi eziyingxenye. Waziwa nangokuthi uMthetho kaDalton, owenziwe ngusokhemisi waseBrithani, isazi sefiziksi kanye nesazi sezibalo uJohn Dalton. Ithi ingcindezi yenhlanganisela yamagesi engasebenzi ngamakhemikhali ilingana nenani lezingcindezi eziyingxenye ngayinye yazo ngevolumu efanayo, ngaphandle kokushintsha izinga lokushisa.
Umthetho Wokuqala Kepler. Imizila Elliptical. UJohannes Kepler wayengusosayensi wezinkanyezi nesazi sezibalo owathola izinto ezingenzeki ekuhambeni kwamaplanethi. Umthetho wakhe wokuqala uthi wonke amaplanethi ahamba azungeze ilanga emzileni oyindilinga. Yonke i-ellipse inezinhlaka ezimbili. Ilanga likomunye wabo.
Umthetho wesibili kaKepler. Ijubane lamaplanethi: "I-vector radius ejoyina iplanethi nelanga ishanela izindawo ezilinganayo ngezikhathi ezilinganayo."
Umthetho wokuqala weThermodynamics. Umgomo wokongiwa kwamandla. "Amandla awadaleki noma abhujiswe, aguquka kuphela."
Umthetho wesibili we-thermodynamics. Esimweni sokulingana, amanani athathwe yimingcele yezici zohlelo oluvaliwe lwe-thermodynamic anje ukuthi akhulisa inani lobukhulu obuthile obungumsebenzi walezi zinhlaka, obizwa nge-entropy.
Umthetho wesithathu we-thermodynamics. Ukuthunyelwa kukaNernst. Ithumela izinto ezimbili: lapho ifinyelela ku-zero ngokuphelele (zero Kelvin) noma iyiphi inqubo ohlelweni lomzimba iyama. Lapho ufinyelela ku-zero ngokuphelele, i-entropy ifinyelela inani eliphansi futhi elihlala njalo.
Isimiso sika-Archimedes 'sobuoyancy. Iphakanyiswe yisazi sezibalo sasendulo esingumGreki u-Archimedes. Kungumthetho ophathekayo othi umzimba ucwiliswe ngokuphelele noma ngokwengxenye kuketshezi ekuphumuleni uthola ipush kusuka ezansi phezulu elingana nesisindo somthamo woketshezi olususayo.
Umthetho wokongiwa kwendaba. Umthetho kaLamonosov Lavoisier. "Isamba senqwaba yazo zonke izidalwa ezibandakanyeka ekuphenduleni silingana nenani laso yonke imikhiqizo etholakele."
Umthetho wokuqina. Ishiwo nguRobert Hooke, isazi sefilosofi saseBrithani. Iqhubeka ithi, ezimweni zokwelulwa isikhathi eside, ukunwetshwa kweyunithi okutholwa yi-a impahla enwebeka ilingana ngqo namandla asetshenziswe kuyo.
Umthetho wokuqhuba ukushisa. Kuthunyelwe nguJean-Baptiste Joseph Fourier, isazi sezibalo saseFrance nesayensi yemvelo. Kubambelela ukuthi, endaweni ephakathi kwe-isotropic, ukudluliswa kokushisa kuyaqhubeka ukushayela kuyalingana futhi kunqamule ekuphikisweni kwe-gradient kuleyo ndlela.