Izibonelo eziyi-10 zezinto ezihlanganisiwe - Encyclopedia

Ividiyo: Meet Russia’s New Generation of Super Weapons That Shock the World!

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Izinhlobo zezinto ezihlanganisiwe
Izibonelo zezinto ezihlanganisiwe

I-izinto eziyinhlanganisela yilezo ezakhiwa ngezinto noma izinto ezimbili noma ngaphezulu ezihlukene, inhlanganisela yazo enikeza udaba olumphumela izici ezihlangene zezingxenye zalo, okungukuthi, lezo zezinto zokuqala ezimbili ngasikhathi sinye.

Lokhu kuvumela ukukhethwa okuthile kwezakhi ukuthola izinto ezinikezwe izici ezingavamile ngokuqina, ukukhanya, ukumelana, ukuqhutshwa kukagesi, ukumelana nokugqwala, njll.

Izinhlanganisela eziningi zikhona okwenziwe ngumuntu, yize ezinye zingavela emvelweni, umkhiqizo wokuvela kwe- izidalwa eziphilayo. Futhi ezimweni eziningi ziyizinto zokubopha ezizuzayo ekusebenzisaneni kwamakhemikhali kwezingxenye zazo.

Ngokuvamile, izinto eziyinhlanganisela zibonakala nge:

Siqukethe izingxenye ezimbili noma ngaphezulu ezihlukaniseka ngokomzimba kodwa ezihlukaniswa ngomshini.
Khombisa izigaba (izakhi) ezahlukahlukene zamakhemikhali, ezingancibiliki phakathi kwazo futhi ezihlukaniswe isigaba esiphakathi noma isikhombimsebenzisi.
Ithole ukusebenzisana okuphezulu, okungukuthi, izakhiwo zayo zomshini ziphakeme kunesamba esilula salezo ezingxenyeni zaso ngokwehlukana.
Hlukanisa nezinto ze-polyphase, ezinjengama-alloys ensimbi, lapho kungenzeka khona ukuguqula izigaba ezikhona ngokuhlukahluka okushisayo (ukushisa).
Ukuthola i-ejenti yokuqinisa (isigaba esingeziwe) kanye ne-matrix (isigaba esiqinisiwe).

Izinhlobo zezinto ezihlanganisiwe

Izinhlobo ezilandelayo zezinto ezihlanganisiwe zingabonakala:

Inhlanganisela Yokuqinisa Inhlanganisela. Ihlakazeke kumatrix athambile futhi ductile, Izinto ezisetshenziswayo ezilukhuni neziqinile ziyahlakazeka ngokufanayo nangokufanayo.
Ukuhlakazeka okwenziwe lukhuni. Zethula izinhlayiya eziqinisa ngosayizi abancane kakhulu, ezihlakazeke kwisisekelo se-matrix.
Izinto ezihlanganisiwe ezihlanganisiwe ze-fiber. Lezi zinto zokwakha zivamise ukuba nemicu eqine ku-matrix evame ukwenziwa nge-resin evala imicu, idlulise umthwalo kusuka kwimicu ephukile iye kuleyo eqinile futhi ithole ukumelana okuthile.
Izinto zokwakha eziyinhlanganisela. Yenziwe ngezinto ezimbili ezilula nezihlanganisiwe, imvamisa laminar (isemishi) njengalezo ezisetshenziselwa ukwakhiwa, ukuhlanganisa izakhiwo zombili izinto ezisodongeni olufanayo.

Ingakusebenzela: Izibonelo Zemvelo Nezinto Zokufakelwa

Izibonelo zezinto ezihlanganisiwe

Cermet. Ukuhlangana kwe-ceramic nensimbi, kwaklanyelwe ukumelana namazinga okushisa aphakeme nokumelana nokuhuzuka, njengobumba, kepha kujabulela ukuthambeka kwezinsimbi. Imvamisa i-matrix yalezi zinto iyinsimbi (i-nickel, i-molybdenum, i-cobalt) kanye nesigaba sokuqinisa ama-carbohydrate Ama-refractories (ama-oxide, i-albhamuin, ama-borides) ejwayelekile ngobumba. Lokhu kuvumela ukwenziwa kwamathuluzi wokusika ahlanganisa ukuqina nensimbi engagqwali futhi anezimpilo ezinde zesevisi., ikakhulukazi intuthuko entsha esuselwa ku-titanium ne-cobalt.
Nacre. Lesi yisibonelo sezinto ezihlanganisiwe zemvelaphi yemvelo, ngaphandle kokungenelela komuntu. Kuyinto eqinile, emhlophe engaphili futhi engabonakali enezimpawu ze-iridescent, eyakha ungqimba lwangaphakathi lwegobolondo lama-mollusk amaningi, njengomama weparele. Eqinisweni, lezi zilwane zingakhipha le ngxube ye-calcium carbonate kanye ne-biopolymers ukulungisa amagobolondo azo noma ihlanganise ukungcola noma ama-microbial agents angena kuwo, ngaleyo ndlela kuphume amaparele..
Ipulangwe. Ebizwa nangokuthi i-multilaminate, ipulangwe, ipulangwe noma ipulangwe, Kuyibhodi lamaphepha amancane okhuni anamathiselwe komunye nomunye ngemicu yawo ngendlela ejikelezayo, kusetshenziswa izinhlaka zokwenziwa, ingcindezi nokushisa.. Ifakwe i-sulfuric acid ngemuva kokucutshungulwa ukuthi ayinaphunga, equkethe ama-polymers nama-benzenes futhi iwusizo ikakhulukazi ekwakhiweni.
I-Adobe. Izitini ezingafulathiwe zibizwa kanjalo, okungukuthi, ukugcwaliswa kokwakhiwa, okwenziwe ngobumba nesihlabathi noma olunye udaka oluningi, oluxutshwe notshani futhi lomiswe elangeni. Zisetshenziswe kusukela ezikhathini zasendulo ukwenza izindonga kanye nokwakha okuyisisekelo, imvamisa ngesimo sezitini (unxande). Yize kukuhle kakhulu insulator yokushisa, i-adobe ithatha umswakama omningi nge-capillarity, ilahlekelwe ukuqina kwayo, ngakho-ke kufanele ifakwe esisekelweni samanzi esingangeni amanzi noma, namuhla, ukhonkolo.
Ukhonkolo. Ebizwa nangokuthi "ukhonkolo", yizinto ezihlanganisiwe ezisetshenziswa kakhulu ekwakhiweni ngasikhathi sinye. kuyinhlanganisela yezinto ezahlukahlukene: usimende, isihlabathi, i-gravel noma i-gravel, namanzi. Ngalesi sihlanganisi, kutholakala ingxubevange efanayo ebeka futhi iqine emahoreni ambalwa ize ithole ukuvumelana kwamatshe.. Imisebenzi eminingi yobunjiniyela bomphakathi ifaka ukusetshenziswa kokhonkolo.
I-Strand Board eyenzelwe. Ebizwa nge-OSB (I-Strand Board eyenzelwe ngesiNgisi), ziwuhlobo lwamabhodi ahlanganayo, ukuvela kwepulangwe, ngoba esikhundleni sokujoyina amashidi amaningi okhuni, kwenziwa izingqimba eziningana zokushefa noma izingodo zokhuni konke kugxile ohlangothini olufanayo, ngaleyo ndlela kutholakale okokufana okuvela ezinhlakeni ze-phenolic noma i-polyurethane, i-formaldehyde noma i-melamine. Imvamisa ezinye izithasiselo nazo ziyafakwa ukwenza ngcono ukumelana nomlilo, umswakama noma ukuxosha izinambuzane.
Pykrete. Le nto ehlanganisiwe yenziwa nge-14% sawdust noma enye i-organic pulp yokhuni, ku-86% matrix yeqhwa. Igama lalo livela kumsunguli walo, uGeoffrey Pyke, owaliphakamisa kuRoyal British Navy ukuthi lenze izindiza ezithwala kanzima. IPykrete inobulukhuni eduze kokhonkolo, inkomba yokuncibilika ephansi nokumelana okukhulu nokungezwani..
Ingilazi eqiniswe ngepulasitiki. Eyaziwa njenge-GFRP (Ingilazi-Fibre egcizelelwe iPlastiki ngesiNgisi), Kuyinto ehlanganisiwe eyakha ipulasitiki noma i-resin matrix, eqiniswe ngemicu yengilazi. Umphumela uba yinto engasindi, eqinile, elula ukubumba, evame ukubizwa nge- "fiberglass.". Isetshenziswa kabanzi ekwakhiweni kwezingxenye, embonini yezokuxhumana ngezokuxhumana nezokuxhumana, kanye nasemkhakheni wezokwakha.
Asphalt ukhonkolo. Isetshenziswa kakhulu ekwakhiweni kwemigwaqo noma emigwaqweni emikhulu, ukhonkolo we-asphalt Siqukethe inhlanganisela ye-asphalt namaminerali ayizinhlanganisela zezinhlobo ezahlukahlukene, ukuthola unamathisela ofanayo kanye ne-bituminous okuthi, lapho kufakwa okushisayo, kuqinise futhi kuvikele amanzi, ezenza into ekahle yemisebenzi yomphakathi yasemadolobheni.
Ithambo. Esinye isibonelo sezinto ezihlanganisiwe emvelweni ngamathambo, akhiwe ngaphakathi kwezilwane eziphakeme nge i-matrix eqiniswe yimicu ye-collagen, iphrotheni eliyinika ukumelana kwayo ngokwemvelo, ngenxa ye-calcium lapho isakhiwo sayo sinamaminerali khona. Lokhu kubangela into enzima, enamahloni, kodwa engasindi.