-Delile
Kukhulunywa nge izinhlekelele zemvelo ukubhekisa ku izehlakalo ezihlukumezayo ezinkulu kakhulu emphakathini wesintu, imiphumela yayo exhunyaniswe nezimo zemvelo ngisho nalezo ezitholakala emisebenzini ethile yabantu, njenge ukungcola okukhulu kwezimboni.
Izindleko zezinhlekelele zemvelo zivame ukubandakanya ukulahleka okuningi kwempilo, kwabantu nezilwane, kanye nokuthinteka kwayo yonke imvelo noma izindawo zokuhlala zanoma yiluphi uhlobo. Kulokho izenzakalo zemvelo, okuyizenzakalo zemvelo ezizimele, ngaphandle kwemiphumela ebuhlungu empilweni yomuntu, ezinhlekeleleni uqobo.
Ngokubanzi, izinhlekelele zemvelo zingahlukaniswa ngohlobo lwezindlela zobungozi ezizibandakanyayo, okuyilezi:
- Ukunyakaza kweMisa. Zibandakanya inani elikhulu lomhlaba ngokuhamba kwamahhala.
- Izimo zomkhathi. Zihlobene nezimo zezemvelo kanye / noma zezulu, ngakho-ke zivame ukuba yizinto ezijwayelekile noma ezejwayelekile, ezithathwa ngokungafani nokweqisa.
- Izimo ze-Tectonic. Kususelwa ekuhambeni nasekuhlelweni kabusha kwamacwecwe ama-tectonic, noma kusuka ekuphendukeni kwamakhemikhali okwenzeka enhlabathini engaphansi.
- Ukungcola. Ziqukethe ukusabalala kwezinto ezinobuthi noma ezibulalayo endaweni ethile, ngaphandle kokuqukethwe kalula. Noma ngabe zingama-biological agents, amakhemikhali noma izimboni. (Bheka: Ukungcola kwe- Amanzi, umhlabathi, umoya)
- Izimo zesikhala. Kuvela ngaphandle kweplanethi noma kufaka phakathi amandla ezinkanyezi.
- Imililo. Ukucekelwa phansi kwempilo yezitshalo noma yasemadolobheni ngaphansi komlilo.
- Izinhlekelele zemifula. Zithinta inqwaba yamanzi emhlabeni, njengolwandle, amachibi noma imifula. Zingaba ngumphumela wezimo zezulu: izikhukhula ezibangelwa izimvula ezinkulu.
Bhekafuthi: Ukungcola Komhlabathi, Ukungcola komoya
Bhekafuthi: Izibonelo zePhenomena Yemvelo
Izibonelo zezinhlekelele zemvelo
Imithelela yemeteor. Ngenhlanhla, akujwayelekile ukuwa kwezinto ezinkulu ezisuka emkhathini, imiphumela yazo ebusweni bomhlaba engadala ukumiswa kwamafu amakhulu ezinto ezisemkhathini nezinye izinto ezibhubhisayo eziholela ekuqothulweni okukhulu. Omunye wemibono owemukelwa kakhulu ngokuqothulwa kwama-dinosaurs (kanye no-75% wokuphila emhlabeni) eminyakeni eyizigidi ezingama-65 edlule, usola umthelela wemeteorite eYucatan, eMexico.
Ama-avalchi noma ama-avalchi, ebonakala ngokufuduswa okungazelelwe kwezinto eziningi, kwehle intaba. Izinto ezinjalo kungaba yiqhwa, iqhwa, amatshe, udaka, uthuli, izihlahla, noma ingxube yazo. Ukuqothuka komhlaba okubulala kakhulu emlandweni kwenzeka eRussia ngoSepthemba 20, 2002, lapho ukuncibilika kweqhwa kwadlula edolobheni laseNorth Ossetian iNinji Karmadon, kwashona abantu abangu-127.
Iziphepho, Iziphepho noma IziphephoYizinhlelo ezijikelezayo zemimoya yesiphepho eyakha olwandle futhi ingazungeza ngaphezu kwamakhilomitha ayi-110 ngehora, ihambise amafu emvula amakhulu futhi ibeke konke okusemandleni ayo emimoyeni yayo. Isiphepho esonakalisa kakhulu kunazo zonke zekhulu lama-20 kwakuyiSiphepho uSandy, esathinta iBahamas kanye nogu oluseningizimu ye-US ngo-2005, sashiya umzila wokubhujiswa nezikhukhula ngemuva kwalokhu okwabulala okungenani abantu abayi-1,833.
Imililo emikhulu. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi kukhiqizwe ngesandla somuntu noma ngenxa yezinye izingozi nokuqhuma, isenzo somlilo esingalawuleki ezindaweni zemvelo noma ezisemadolobheni ngokuvamile singenye yezinhlekelele kakhulu. Ngokwesibonelo, idolobha laseLondon lahlaselwa ngomlilo omkhulu ngo-1666 owathatha izinsuku ezintathu ezigcwele futhi wabhubhisa maphakathi nedolobha, washiya abantu abangu-80 000 bengenamakhaya.
Ukuzamazama komhlaba nokuzamazama komhlaba. Umkhiqizo wokuhamba koqweqwe lomhlaba, imvamisa akulindelekile futhi kuyalimaza, ikakhulukazi njengoba kungadala ukuqhuma kwentaba-mlilo noma ama-tsunami uma eseqedile. Ukuzamazama komhlaba okungu-7.0 esikalini sikaRichter kwenzeka eHaiti ngo-2010, imiphumela yakhona esizweni esase sihlupheka, kanye ne-tsunami eyalandela, yabulala abantu abangaphezu kuka-300,000.
Ukungcola kwemisebe, ngokusabalalisa izinto ezi-atom ezingazinzile, isimo sazo esiyinhloko ukukhipha izinhlayiya ezinobuthi emvelweni, okudala ukulimala ngokushesha, ukugula kanye nomonakalo wesikhathi eside kuzo zonke izinhlobo zokuphila ezizungezile. Kudume ingozi eyenzeka eChernobyl reactor yenuzi ezweni elaliyiSoviet Union, okuyizingozi zenuzi ezimbi kakhulu emlandweni. Ngenxa yalokhu, abantu abangama-600,000 bathola imithamo ebulalayo yemisebe, abayizigidi ezi-5 bahlala ezindaweni ezingcolisiwe kwathi ezingama-400,000 ezindaweni ezingasenakuhlalwa.
Izikhukhula, imvamisa umkhiqizo wezikhathi eziningi zemvula enhlabathini engadonsa kahle (njengomhlabathi ogawulwe amahlathi), kunqwabelana kwamanzi kumanani angalawuleki, ukucwilisa izitshalo, amadolobhana kanye nokubanga ezinye izinhlobo zezinhlekelele zemikhuhlane. Isikhukhula esikhulu sahlaselwa e-Argentina ngabantu basePergamino, esifundazweni saseBuenos Aires ngo-Ephreli 1995, saphoqa ukukhishwa kwabantu abangaphezu kuka-13,000.
Iziphepho, njengalezo ezijwayele ukwenzeka engxenyeni eseningizimu ye-United States, ziwumkhiqizo wokushayisana kwezixuku ezimbili zomoya ezinamazinga okushisa ahlukahlukene, ezakhiwe ngesiphepho futhi ezingazungezelana ngesivinini esikhulu, zicekele phansi yonke into esendleleni yayo. Okushesha kakhulu emlandweni (ngaphezu kuka-500kmph) kwaqoshwa eMoore, e-Oklahoma, ngo-1999.
Ungaba nentshisekelo ku: Izibonelo Zezinkinga Zemvelo ezingama-20
Ubhadane lwezifo, noma ukuqubuka kwama-microbiotic agents atheleleka kakhulu abalekela noma yiluphi uhlobo lokuhlukaniswa noma ukulawulwa, angaqothula inani labantu bonke uma kungekho ukusekelwa okufanele kwesayensi. Kwakunjalo-ke ngomqedazwe we-Ebola entshonalanga ye-Afrika phakathi konyaka we-2014 nowe-2016, okulinganiselwa kwawo okusemthethweni ukufa kwabantu abayi-11,323.
Ukuqhuma kwentaba-mlilo. Kube khona ukuqhuma kwentaba-mlilo okubuhlungu emlandweni, njengalokho kweVesuvius, intaba-mlilo eyenzeka ngo-79 AD. wangcwaba ngokuphelele idolobha lasendulo laseRoma iPompeii, endaweni manje eyiBay of Naples.
Imininingwane engaphezulu?
- Izibonelo Zezinhlekelele Zobuchwepheshe
- Izibonelo Zezinhlekelele Ezenziwe Umuntu
- Izibonelo Zezinkinga Zemvelo
