Izibonelo Ezingu-10 Zezilwane Ezisengozini - Encyclopedia

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Izibonelo zezilwane ezisengozini

Uhlobo lwezilwane lubhekwa njengelo vulaIngozi yokuqothulwa lapho inani lezinhlobo eziphilayo liphansi kakhulu kangangokuba izinhlobo zinganyamalala ngokuphelele eMhlabeni. Lokhu kunyamalala kungenzeka kungenxa yokuzingela okungakhethi, izinguquko zezulu noma ukucekelwa phansi kwendawo yemvelo yezinhlobo.

Icala elifanekisayo lokuqothulwa kohlobo lonke lwayo kwakungele-dodo noma inyoni yedrone (URaphus cucullatus), inyoni engakwazi ukundiza isuka eziqhingini zaseMauritius e-Indian Ocean, okwanyamalala ngokuphelele emhlabeni kwenzeka ekupheleni kwekhulu leshumi nesikhombisa futhi kusezandleni zomuntu, ngenxa yokuthi kwakulula kanjani ukuzingela ngoba lesi silwane sasingenazo izidalwa ezihlasela izilwane.

Okwamanje ikhona uhlu olubomvu lwezinhlobo zezitshalo nezilwane ezisengozini enkulu, ihlanganiswe ngo-2009 ngokufakwa okuningana okungaphezulu kwezinkulungwane ezintathu. I-International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) yiyo ephethe ukuphatha lolu hlu. kanye nokuqapha nokukhuthaza ukulondolozwa kwalezi zinhlobo, ngokusebenzisa iziphakamiso zokujezisa ukuzingela, ukuvikela izindawo zokuhlala ezahlukahlukene nokuqwashisa abantu emhlabeni ukuthi siseduze nokuqothulwa okukhulu kwezinhlobo zezilwane nezitshalo.

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Ukuhlukanisa amathuba okuqothulwa kwezinhlobo zezilwane noma zezitshalo ezahlukahlukene, kusetshenziswa isikali esibizwa ngokuthi “yimvelo yokongiwa” Yakhiwe izifundazwe eziyisithupha ezihlukene, ezihlelwe ngezigaba ezintathu ngokwezinga lobungozi bezinhlobo, okuyilezi:

Isigaba sokuqala: INGOZI EPHANSI. Yizinhlobo ezinikela ngokungakhathaleki okuncane lapho ziphela. Yakhiwa izifundazwe ezimbili ezihlukene:

Ukukhathazeka Okuncane (LC). Izinhlobo eziningi zeplanethi zitholakala lapha, ezinganikezi ingozi esheshayo noma eseduze yokwehla kwenani labantu bazo.
Cishe kusongelwa (NT). Lezi yizinhlobo zezilwane ezingahlangabezani nezidingo ezizobhekwa njengengcuphe yokuqothulwa, kodwa ikusasa lazo elikhombisa ukuthi zingase zibe khona esikhathini esizayo esiseduze.

Isigaba sesibili: SISABISWA. Izinhlobo ezinamazinga ahlukene engcuphe yokunyamalala zitholakala lapha, zihlelwe ezifundeni ezintathu ezihlukene:

Isengozini (VU). Lezi zinhlobo zihlangabezana nezidingo ezizobhekwa njengengcupheni yokuqala indlela eya ekuqothulweni, okusho ukuthi kungenzeka zingaphela kanjalo, kepha kungekudala zizoba khona uma kungenziwa lutho. Zilinganiselwa ku-4 309 izinhlobo zezilwane ezazikulesi sigaba ngo-2008.
Isengozini (EN). Izinhlobo manje ezinyamalalayo, okungukuthi, inani labantu elincipha ngokushesha. Ukusinda ngesikhathi sezinhlobo zezilwane ezingama-2448 ezikulesi sigaba (2009) kusengozini enkulu uma singenzi lutho ngakho.
Osemngciphekweni Olusengozini (CR). Lezi zinhlobo cishe zisengcupheni yokuqothulwa, ngakho-ke kunzima ukuthola izinhlobo eziphilayo. Ukwehla kwabantu babo balinganiselwa ku-80 kuya ku-90% eminyakeni eyishumi edlule. Uhlu ngo-2008 lwalunezinhlobo zezilwane eziyi-1665 kulesi sigaba.

Isigaba sesithathu: EXTINTED. Izinhlobo ezinyamalale kwiplanethi yethu zitholakala lapha, noma zingasekho unomphela (i-EX) noma zingasekho endle (i-EW), okungukuthi, ngabantu abazalwe futhi abakhulela ekuthunjweni kuphela abasalayo.

Izibonelo zezilwane ezisengozini

Ibhere lepanda (I-Ailuropoda melanoleuca). Ebizwa nangokuthi iGiant Panda, kuyizinhlobo ezikude kakhulu ezihlobene namabhere ajwayelekile, anoboya obumnyama nobumhlophe. Abomdabu enkabeni yeChina, kunezibonelo ezingama-1600 kuphela endle kanye nezingu-188 ekuthunjweni (izibalo zango-2005). Kuwuphawu lweWWF (World Wide Fund for Nature) kusukela ngo-1961, njengoba ingesinye sezilwane ezisongelwa kakhulu emhlabeni.
I-blue finch (UFringilla polatzeki). Imvelaphi yayo isuka eGran Canaria, isiqhingi saseSpain ngasogwini lwase-Afrika lweSahara, iyinyoni eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka (owesilisa) noma onsundu (owesifazane) ejwayelekile emahlathini ephayini aseCanarian, ngakho iphakathi kwamamitha ayi-1000 kanye ne-1900 ukuphakama. Njengamanje isengcupheni yokuqothulwa, empeleni ingenye yezinyoni ezisongelwa kakhulu emhlabeni, ngenxa yokwehla kwendawo yayo ngenxa yokugawulwa ngokungakhethi.
Impisi yaseMexico empunga (Canis lupus baileyi). Lokhu okungaphansi kwempisi kuncane kakhulu okukhona, kwabangu-30 abahlala eNyakatho Melika. Ukuma nobukhulu bazo ziyefana nezenja ephakathi nendawo, yize imikhuba yazo ingobusuku. Babejwayele ukwenza iDlanzana iSonoran, iChihuahua, kanye ne-maphakathi neMexico kube kwabo indawo yokuhlalaKodwa ukwehliswa kwezilwane kwaholela ekutheni bahlasele imfuyo futhi bathola ukuzingelwa okunesihluku ngokuziphindisela okwaholela ekuqothulweni.
I-gorilla yasentabeni (IGorilla beringei beringei). Enye yama-subspecies amabili we-gorilla esempumalanga, enabantu ababili kuphela endle emhlabeni. Babengabaphikisi abakhulu bezitudiyo zikaDian Fossey ababoniswa kule filimu AmaGorila Enkungwini (1988), eyayisebenza ukwazisa ngesimo esimangazayo sokulondolozwa kwezinhlobo, nabantu abangama-900 basendle, ngenxa yokuzingelwa okunonya lapho benziwa khona.
Ibhele elihlala kwiqhwa (I-Ursus maritimus). Izisulu ze ukuguquka kwesimo sezulu encibilikisa izingongolo, kanye nokungcola kwemvelo nokuzingela okungakhethi kwama-Eskimo, la mabhere amhlophe amakhulu, abadla inyama enkulu kunazo zonke emhlabeni, basesimweni sokuba sengozini okungasheshe kuholele ekuqothulweni. Ngo-2008 inani labantu lilinganiselwa ku-20 000 kuya ku-25,000, abantu abangaphansi kuka-30% kunaseminyakeni engama-45 eyedlule.
Ufudu lwesikhumba (I-Democheys coriacea). Yaziwa njenge-leatherback, i-cana, i-cardón, i-leatherback noma i-tinglar ufudu, iyona enkulu kunazo zonke izimfudu zasolwandle, ekwazi ukukala amamitha ayi-2.3 ubude nesisindo esingaba ngama-600 kg. Isakhamuzi saselwandle esishisayo nesishisayo, sisongelwa ukuzingela kwezentengiselwano nokulungiswa kabusha kwamabhishi abasebenzela ukuzala, okubandakanya izingozi ezintsha zamaqanda abo noma amaphuphu abo asanda kuchanyuselwa.
I-Iberian lynx (I-Lynx pardinus). Lesi sifo esidla ubhedu esihlasela iNhlonhlo Yase-Iberia siyefana nekati lasendle. Ihlala yodwa futhi iyimihambuma, futhi isengozini yokuqothulwa, ezindaweni ezimbili ezizimele e-Andalusia. Ezingozini ezivamile zezinhlobo ezihlala nendoda yangaleso sikhathi, ukudla okungeziwe kakhulu kwe-feline kufanele kungezwe, okukuvimba ekuzingeleni cishe onogwaja kuphela.
Ingwe ye-Bengal (U-Panthera tigris tigris). Saziwa njengehlosi laseRoyal Bengal noma ihlosi laseNdiya, lesi silwane sidume umhlaba wonke ngoboya baso obumbala wewolintshi nobunemigqa emnyama, kanye nobudlova baso obudlayo nobuhle obuhle kakhulu. Kuzingelwe kakhulu emashumini eminyaka ngenxa yoboya bayo, yize kuyisilwane sikazwelonke samazwe afana ne-India neBangladesh, futhi kubhekwa njengengcuphe yokuqothulwa lapho kukhula izikhala zabantu.
I-Axolotl noma i-axolotl (I-Ambystoma mexicanum). Lolu hlobo lwendabuko yama-amphibian emazweni aseMexico lukhetheke ngokweqile, ngoba alunakuguqulwa njengazo zonke ezinye izilwane zasemanzini futhi ingafinyelela ekuvuthweni ngokocansi ngenkathi isenezimpawu zesibungu (ama-gill). Ukuba khona kwayo emasikweni aseMexico kuningi futhi ngenxa yalesi sizathu kunikezwe ukuzingela okukhulu, njengokudla, isilwane noma umthombo wezinto zokwelapha. Ngokubambisana nokungcola kwamanzi, lokhu sekuholele engcupheni enkulu yokuqothulwa.
Ubhejane waseJava (Uphenyo lobhejane). Ngokufana nobhejane waseNdiya, kodwa onqabile kakhulu, lesi silwane esiseNingizimu-mpumalanga yeAsia sihlukile okuncane okuncane kwesilwane esisindayo, esihlomile esimpondo saso sithathwa kakhulu emithini yendabuko yamaShayina. Ngenxa yalokhu kanye nokucekelwa phansi kwendawo ehlala kuyo kusengozini enkulu yokuqothulwa, ngenani labantu elinganiselwa kubantu abangaphansi kwekhulu emhlabeni.