-Delile
- IMarxism kanye nokuhlaziywa kwenhlokodolobha
- Imodi yokukhiqiza yomhlaba wonke
- Ubusoshiyali ngekhulu lama-20
Ihlelo le ubusoshiyali Kungumqondo ozimisele ukuchaza iminotho lapho impahla yezimpahla isihlangene, ngakho-ke indlela yokukhiqiza ayibheki abantu njengabathengisi bamandla abo okusebenza kepha ngokunembile lokho amandla ezabasebenzi njengezindlela zokuzuza inzuzo evamile.
IMarxism kanye nokuhlaziywa kwenhlokodolobha
Umqondo wobusoshiyali uvela eminikelweni ethiyori ye UKarl Marx, owathi emsebenzini wakhe wonke ngekhulu leshumi nesishiyagalolunye wazinikela ekuboniseni indlela ukukhiqizwa kongxiwankulu ngichaza Ukwehlukaniswa okukhiqizwa yileli hlelo phakathi kwabantu nomkhiqizo womsebenzi wabo, phakathi kwabantu nomsebenzi abawenzayo, naphakathi kwabantu namandla abo siqu abantu, ngenxa yalokhu okubili okudlule.
Kungenxa yalokhu ukuthi uMarx uphakamisa ukuhlanganiswa kwazo zonke izindlela zokukhiqiza, kanye nokushintshwa kwempilo yomphakathi ezigabeni, okwakusho ukunqotshwa kwendlela yokukhiqiza kongxiwankulu kanye nokucindezelwa koMbuso.
Bhekafuthi: Izibonelo Zokuhlukaniswa
Imodi yokukhiqiza yomhlaba wonke
Umsebenzi kaMarx, ongomunye obaluleke kunayo yonke yekhulu lakhe leminyaka, ugxila kakhulu ekuboniseni ubungxiwankulu nokuchaza ukuthambekela kwawo kokuwa, kunokuphakamisa esinye isimo. Imodi yokukhiqiza yokuqoqa (ebizwa ngokuthi ikhomanisi) ibonakala ngokusobala emhlabeni jikelele, kepha akukho okunye ukucaciswa maqondana nokuqaliswa kwayo, okuzokwenziwa nge ukulwa phakathi kwezigaba ezimbili lapho abantu behlukene phakathi emphakathini wonxiwankulu: osomabhizinisi (noma onxiwankulu) nabasebenzi.
Iqiniso ukuthi, uma ubungxiwankulu sebuhlanganiswe njengohlelo lomhlaba jikelele, Imibono ethathe ukuphuma kwamakhomanisi njengethuba bekufanele ivumelanise uhlelo lwayo nezinye izigaba zomhlaba wonxiwankulu, njengobunye bamazwe noma intando yeningi: ngakho-ke ukuthi izivivinyo zobusoshiyali ezenziwa phakathi nekhulu lama-20 leminyaka zazilinganiselwe ezweni elilodwa noma idlanzana lazo, ngaphandle kokuthola uhlamvu lomhlaba wonke olubalulekile ngaphansi kwezinqubo zikaMarx.
Ubusoshiyali ngekhulu lama-20
Iqiniso lokuthi umnotho ngokuhlanganyela ubelokhu ehlukile ezweni longxiwankulu kusho, ngokwengxenye, ukuthi awuzange ufeze inhloso yawo yasekuqaleni: yize phakathi kwalomnotho ubudlelwane obukhiqizayo babungebona obesigaba ngesikhathi sobunxiwankulu, izimpahla ezikhiqizwe lapho zashintshaniswa ngaphansi kwenqubo yobungxiwankulu ngaphandle, ukujoyina isamba somkhiqizo womuntu ngomqondo wobungxiwankulu, kepha ngomkhiqizo wombuso ophakathi nendawo.
Noma kunjalo, kwakukhona amazwe amaningi akhetha ubusoshiyali phakathi nekhulu lama-20 nelama-21Zimbalwa izibopho ezingasungulwa phakathi kwazo zonke: iningi bekufanele lisebenzise imibuso yezepolitiki enengcindezelo, icishe ukhetho olukhululekile. Iningi lithole impendulo enolaka evela emabhulokishini onxiwankulu aseduze, futhi kwadingeka abhekane ngendlela yodlame oluhlomile noma enye. Isimo esilinganiselwe sobusoshiyali besisho ukuthi iningi bekufanele libhekane nemikhawulo enikezwa ukuphikelela kwesifiso sobugovu nokuzimela kwangasese, njengenkohlakalo nokuphatha ngokweqile.
Bhekafuthi: Izibonelo ezivela emazweni athuthukile
Nazi ezinye izibonelo kokuhlangenwe nakho kobusoshiyali emazweni ahlukene, kucacisa uhlobo lobusoshiyali olusetshenzisiwe:
- I-China, ubusoshiyali obunephathi eyodwa kusukela ngo-1949. (Yize inezingxenye zomnotho wezimakethe)
- IVietnam, ngeqembu elilodwa kusukela ngo-1976.
- ENicaragua, nohulumeni obheke ubusoshiyali ngaphakathi kongxiwankulu, kusukela ngo-1999.
- I- I-Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, isipiliyoni esisondele kakhulu ekwandiseni uhlelo lobusoshiyali emhlabeni wonke, phakathi kuka-1922 no-1991.
- Chili, ngaphansi kukamongameli wentando yeningi kaSalvador Allende, phakathi kuka-1970 no-1973.
- Bolivia, nohulumeni obhekele ubusoshiyali bomlingiswa womdabu ngaphakathi kongxiwankulu, kusukela ngo-1999.
- Cuba, ubusoshiyali beqembu elilodwa kusukela ngo-1959.
- I-Venezuela, nohulumeni obheke ubusoshiyali ngaphakathi kongxiwankulu, kusukela ngo-1999.
- I-Laos, ngeqembu elilodwa kusukela ngo-1975.
- e-North Korea, umbuso wobushiqela wobusoshiyali kusukela ngo-1945.
- IDenmark
- ENorway
- ESweden
- EFinland
- I-Iceland (emihlanu yokugcina, enamamodeli wezomnotho wezimakethe kodwa anezwe elibandakanyekile enhlanganweni nasekuxhaseni inhlalakahle ngendlela ephezulu kakhulu).
Bhekafuthi: Amazwe Aphakathi, AsePheripheral Nama-Semi-peripheral
