Izibonelo ze-Epic

-Delile

Izici ze-epic
Izibonelo ze-epic

I- amaqhawe kuyindaba elandisayo eyingxenye yohlobo lwe-epic. Ama-Epics akhuluma ngezenzo ezakha isiko lesizwe noma isiko. Ngokwesibonelo: I-Iliad, i-Odyssey.

Le mibhalo ibonakala ngokuhlinzeka umphakathi ngokulandisa ngemvelaphi yawo, yingakho ifakiwe ezindabeni zokusungula.

Endulo lezi zindaba zazisatshalaliswa ngomlomo. I-Epic of Gilgamesh ingeyokuqala ukuba namarekhodi abhaliwe, ezibhebheni zobumba, ezisukela enkulungwaneni yesibili BC.

Bheka futhi: Ingoma yezenzo

Izici ze-epic

Ama-protagonists alezi zindaba abalingiswa abanomoya wobuqhawe, abamele izindinganiso ezithandwa ngabantu, futhi izindaba zabo zihlala zinezici ezingaphezu kwemvelo.
Zivame ukuvela phakathi nohambo noma impi
Zihlelwe emavesini amade (ngokuvamile ama-hexameters) noma i-prose, futhi umlandi wabo uhlala ethola isenzo esikhathini esikude, esinqunyiwe, lapho kuhlala khona amaqhawe nonkulunkulu.

Bheka futhi: Izinkondlo zeLyric

I-Epic kaGilgamesh

Eyaziwa nangokuthi i- Inkondlo kaGilgamesh, le ndaba yakhiwa izinkondlo ezinhlanu ezizimele zamaSumeri futhi ilandisa ngokuxhaphaza kweNkosi uGilgamesh. Kubagxeki, kungumsebenzi wokuqala wokubhala okhuluma ngokufa kwabantu kuqhathaniswa nokungafi konkulunkulu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kulo msebenzi indaba kazamcolo wendawo yonke ivela okokuqala.

Le nkondlo ilandisa ngempilo yenkosi yase-Uruk Gilgamesh okuthi, ngenxa yenkanuko nokuphathwa kabi kwabantu besifazane, isolwe yizikhonzi zayo phambi konkulunkulu. Ukuphendula lezi zimangalo, onkulunkulu bathumela indoda yasendle okuthiwa u-Enkidu ukuba izombhekana nayo. Kepha, ngokungafani nokulindelwe, laba bobabili bagcina sebengabangani bese benza izenzo ezinonya ndawonye.

Njengesijeziso, onkulunkulu babulala u-Enkidu, okwenza umngani wakhe aqale ukufuna ukungafi. Kokunye kokuhamba kwakhe, uGilgamesh uhlangana nesilumko u-Utnapishtim nomkakhe, abanesipho esilangazelelwa yinkosi yase-Uruk. Ebuyela ezweni lakhe, uGilgamesh ulandela imiyalo yesazi futhi athole isitshalo esibuyisela intsha kulabo abasidlayo. Kodwa ngaphambi kokwenza lokho, inyoka iyantshontsha.

Ngakho-ke, inkosi ibuyela ezweni layo ilambatha, ngozwela olukhulu kubantu bayo ngemuva kokushona komngani wayo futhi inombono wokuthi ukungafi ukuphela kwembangi yabonkulunkulu.

I-Iliad ne-Odyssey

I-Iliad ingumsebenzi obhalwe emdala kunayo yonke emibhalweni yaseNtshonalanga futhi kulinganiselwa ukuthi yabhalwa engxenyeni yesibili yekhulu lesi-8 BC. C., e-Ionian Greece.

Lo mbhalo, okuthiwa wenziwa nguHomer, ulandisa ngochungechunge lwezehlakalo ezenzeka ngesikhathi seMpi YeTrojan, lapho amaGrikhi avimbezela leli dolobha ngemuva kokuthunjwa kukaHelen omuhle. Impi igcina isiphenduke umbango wendawo yonke, lapho onkulunkulu nabo bebandakanyeka.

Lo mbhalo ulandisa ngokufutheka kuka-Achilles, iqhawe elingumGrikhi elizizwa licasulwe umlawuli walo, u-Agamemnon, bese ethatha isinqumo sokuyishiya impi. Ngemuva kokuhamba kwabo, amaTrojans ahola impi. Phakathi kweminye imicimbi, iqhawe leTrojan uHector libangela ukubhujiswa cishe ngokuphelele kwemikhumbi yamaGrikhi.

Ngenkathi u-Achilles engekho empikiswaneni, ukufa komngani wakhe omkhulu, uPatroclus, nakho kuyenzeka, ngakho iqhawe linquma ukubuyela empini futhi ngaleyo ndlela likwazi ukuguqula isiphetho samaGreki ngokuthanda kwakhe.

I-Odyssey kungenye i-epic nayo ekhonjwe kuHomer. Ilandisa ngokunqotshwa kukaTroy ngamaGrikhi nangobuqili buka-Odysseus (noma u-Ulysses) nehhashi lamapulangwe akhohlisa ngalo amaTrojans ukuthi angene edolobheni. Lo msebenzi ulandisa ukubuya kwe-Ulysses ekhaya, ngemuva kokulwa empini iminyaka eyishumi. Ukubuyela kwakhe esiqhingini sase-Ithaca, lapho ayephethe khona isikhundla sobukhosi, kuthatha eminye iminyaka eyishumi.

I-Aeneid

Imvelaphi yamaRoma, I-Aeneid Yabhalwa nguPublio Virgilio Marón (owaziwa kangcono njengoVirgilio) ngekhulu lokuqala BC. C., ethunywe nguMbusi u-Augustus. Inhloso yalo mbusi kwakungukubhala umsebenzi owawuzonikeza imvelaphi yenganekwane embusweni owaqala ngohulumeni wakhe.

UVirgil uthatha njengesiqalo seMpi yeTrojan nokubhujiswa kwayo, okwakusivele kulandiswe nguHomer, futhi wakubhala kabusha, kepha wengeza umlando wokusungulwa kweRoma lapho enezela khona ukuthintwa kwezinganekwane zamaGrikhi.

Isakhiwo sale ngqophamlando sigxile ohambweni luka-Aeneas kanye nabaseTrojans oluya e-Italy kanye nemizabalazo nokunqoba okulandelanayo baze bafike ezweni lesithembiso: Lazio.

Umsebenzi wenziwe ngezincwadi eziyishumi nambili. Ezokuqala eziyisithupha zisitshela ngohambo luka-Aeneas oluya e-Italy, kanti ingxenye yesibili igxile ekunqobeni okwenzeka e-Italy.

Ingoma kaMío Cid

Ingoma kaMío Cid Kungumsebenzi wokuqala omkhulu ezincwadini zaseSpain ezibhalwe ngolimi lwesiRomance. Yize kubhekwa njengomuntu ongaziwa, ingcwethi yamanje yochwepheshe ithi yabhalwa nguPer Abbat, yize abanye bebheka ukuthi kwakuwumsebenzi womkopishi nje. Kulinganiselwa ukuthi Ingoma kaMío Cid Yabhalwa phakathi ne-1200s yokuqala.

Umsebenzi uyalandisa, ngenkululeko ethize yombhali, ubuqhawe beminyaka yokugcina yokuphila kobuqili bukaCastilla Rodrigo Díaz, owaziwa ngokuthi yiCampeador, kusukela ekudingisweni kwakhe kokuqala (ngo-1081) kwaze kwaba sekufeni kwakhe (ngo-1099 ).

Umbhalo, oqukethe amavesi angama-3 735 obude obuhlukahlukene, ukhuluma ngezindikimba ezimbili ezinkulu. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ukudingiswa kanye nalokho okwenziwa uCampeador ukuze athole ukuthethelelwa kwangempela futhi abuyise isimo sakhe senhlalo. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ukuhlonishwa kweCid nomndeni wakhe, kukhuliswe ekugcineni kuze kube sezingeni lokuthi amadodakazi akhe ashada nezikhulu zaseNavarra nase-Aragon.