Umkhawulo wemakethe umqondo: Umqondo we imingcele yezimakethe kuvame ukusondelwa kuyona kusuka emikhakheni emibili ehlukene, kusetshenziswa okuhluke ngokuphelele esimweni ngasinye: ukumaketha kuyisebenzisa njengendlela eyodwa yokusondela kuphrojekthi yezentengiselwano ukuyiyisa ezingeni eliphezulu kakhulu kwezomnotho, ngesikhathi esifanayo nesayensi yezomnotho (kuhambisane nesociology noma i-anthropology) kuyisebenzise ohlakeni lokukhombisa ngezinhlelo zezomnotho eziqhathaniswayo, ezihlotshaniswa nemfundiso yokuziphendulela yangaphandle.
Ububanzi be ukumaketha, uyayiqonda imakethe njengabasebenzisi bomhlaba wonke abafuna umkhiqizo okukhulunywa ngawo, kepha futhi uwudlulisela kulo lonke iqembu labantu amasu azobhekisa kubo, ngendlela yokuthi umsebenzi omkhulu wokumaketha kuzoba ukunweba imakethe ukuthi ifuna umkhiqizo. Kodwa-ke, kusobala ukuthi ukukhethwa kwamamaki wokunwetshwa kwezimakethe akuphenduli entandweni elula yomthengisi, kepha kunalokho kuthobela eminye imikhawulo enganciki kuye: kulapho kuvela khona umbono wabakhangisi. imikhawulo.
Eqinisweni, sikhuluma ngezinkinga zezwe (ngokuyisisekelo ibanga lomsebenzisi ogcina evela kumkhiqizo), izingqinamba zabathengi (inani labantu, amasiko ezenhlalo noma amasiko) nezimpawu zomkhiqizo (ngokomzimba noma ukusetshenziswa, kwezinye izimo kungaba kuguquliwe). Kungenxa yale mikhawulo lapho ibanga lesenzo sokumaketha lilinganiselwe.
I- umnotho wemakethe Kubukeka kuyindlela kuphela yokuhlela izinqumo zezigidi zabahlali bomhlaba ngendlela ephumelelayo, kepha osomnotho abaningi bagxila ezinkingeni ezidalwa yilokhu: imibuzo imakethe engeke izixazulule yona yiyona ebizwa umkhawulo wemakethe.
I- umbono wezangaphandle Yiyo ethathe isinqumo sokucabanga ngemiphumela eyenzeka ekuthengisweni kwezomnotho kepha engakhonjiswa ngentengo yayo, ngoba ayinamphumela oqondile kunoma yimaphi amaqembu angenele kuyo: imiphumela izolandela okwesithathu party, okungaba umphakathi ophelele. Kunezinye izindlela eziningi eziphakanyiswe ngabezomnotho abahlukahlukene ukuxazulula lezi zinto zangaphandle, okukhombisa ukuthi imakethe ibonakala ingeke ikwazi ukuzixazulula yodwa: lokhu kugcizelela futhi ukuba khona kwemikhawulo yemakethe.
Nazi ezinye izibonelo zemikhawulo yemakethe ngomqondo wezomnotho.
- Amazwe anemfundo yomphakathi, ngokuvamile aphansi noma aphansi, akholelwa ukuthi imakethe ayilona ilungelo lokwaba ilungelo lokuthola imfundo, kodwa lokho kuzokhulisa umehluko wezenhlalo nezomnotho kusukela ebuntwaneni.
- Izimo zokungcola zingumkhawulo wemakethe, ngoba azimeleli monakalo womnotho ngokwawo kumkhiphi, ngakho-ke ayinaso isisusa sokungawukhiqizi uma kushibhile ukukwenza lokho.
- Ukwenza ifenisha, kuvamile ukugawula izihlahla. Kodwa-ke, ukugawulwa kwemithi akunakucatshangwa njengokuhlanganiswa kwezenzo ngazinye, ngoba imvelo engenakho ukungenelela kulokho kuthengiselana iyathinteka.
- Impilo yinto enhle engenakudayiswa emakethe, nokuthi bangakanani abantu abazokwazi ukuqasha izinkampani ezihlinzeka ngemithi ekhokhelwa kuqala. Kodwa-ke, ukuvezwa kokutheleleka nokuzwela komphakathi kuvame ukwenza impilo itholakale kalula.
- Ukuba khona kwama-monopolies nama-oligopolies kuyinkinga yemikhawulo yemakethe, ngoba uma benikela ngomkhiqizo obalulekile bazoba sesimweni esinenzuzo enkulu kakhulu.
- Akuke kwenzeke kunoma yiliphi izwe emhlabeni ukuthi likwazi ukuthengiswa mahhala kwezidakamizwa, yize imakethe ingazilawula ngokunikezwa nangokudingeka kwazo. Ukuncika kwengqondo kokulutha kukho kusho ukuthi izindlela kufanele zibe ngaphezu kwemakethe ukuze zikhawulele.
- Ukuthengiswa kwezikhali akuvamisile ukusayinwa emakethe kuphela, kodwa kufanele kube nemvume efakazela amakhono athile omthengi: kusobala ukuthi lokhu akulona usizo lwabathengisi bezikhali, kepha ngumbuso egameni lomphakathi njenge okuphelele.
- Isakhiwo esikhiqizayo samazwe sisho ukuthi kungaba yingozi enkulu kakhulu kubantu bendawo ukuvula umnotho kukho konke ukungeniswa okufuna ukufika. Yize ezimweni eziningi kwenziwa, ukuvezwa kokungasebenzi kanye nobuphofu kusho ukuthi kungathathwa njengomkhawulo wemakethe.
