-Delile
- Incazelo ehlelekile nobubanzi bezomthetho
- Izizwe zobuhlanga
- Izibonelo zokubulawa kobuhlanga
- Izici zokuqothulwa kohlanga
Ngegama le- ukuqothulwa kohlanga Kuyaziwa ngezenzo ezisho ukubhujiswa okuhlelekile kweqembu lezenhlalo, okwenzeka kugqugquzelwa ngumbuzo wobuhlanga, ezombusazwe, inkolo noma yiliphi iqembu elikhona.
Ukuqothulwa kohlanga kukhona amacala aphesheya ayehlukaniswa njengamacala abhekiswe esintwini, futhi lapho kuphela ukuqothulwa kohlanga okubaluleke kakhulu kwekhulu lama-20 (ukuqothulwa kwabantu ngamaNazi), kwalawulwa yiConvention for the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide, ngo-1948.
Incazelo ehlelekile nobubanzi bezomthetho
Phakathi kokunikelwe kwalesi Sivumelwano kwaba ukuklanywa ngokusemthethweni kobubanzi bomqondo wokuqothulwa kohlanga: ukubulawa kwamalungu eqembu okukhulunywa ngalo kufinyelela esikhathini kodwa futhi nokulimala okukhulu ebuqothweni babo bomzimba noma bengqondo, kanye nokuhanjiswa imithetho noma imithethonqubo ekhomba ekubhujisweni okuphelele noma okuyingxenye yomzimba.
Okwamanje ubugebengu buhlukaniswa njengokuqothulwa kohlanga, labo abanomthwalo wemfanelo bangaqulwa endaweni yabo efanele kepha nasezinkantolo zanoma imuphi uMbuso, noma ngokweNkantolo Yamazwe Ngamazwe Yobugebengu. Njengoba kuyicala elibhekiswe esintwini, kuyavunyelwa emthethweni ukuthi kuyicala elingabeki.
Izizwe zobuhlanga
Kuwo wonke umlando, futhi ikakhulukazi ngekhulu lamashumi amabili (lokho okubizwa ngokuthi ‘ikhulu lokuqothulwa kohlanga’ ngenxa yesibalo esikhulu esasikhona) kwakuyinto ejwayelekile ukuthi le mikhuba yenziwe yizizwe uqobo.
Kwaba njalo ukuthi ukuphathwa kwezwe kwezepolitiki kunenhloso yokuqothula ingxenye yabantu bakhona, echaza esinye sezikhiye zokuqothulwa kohlanga: ngenxa yezinga lomonakalo elilelayo, kuyadingeka ukuthi libe nesakhiwo ngemuva kwalokhu, okungenani okuqinisekisiwe futhi okuphezulu, okusekelwa nokuqiniswa nguMbuso uqobo.
Ngakho-ke ukubaluleka kokuthi ukuqothulwa kohlanga kungaba nokungenelela kwamandla okwahlulela angaphandle koMbuso uqobo, ngoba kungenzeka futhi abe sevisi yokuqothulwa kohlanga.
Uchungechunge lokuqothulwa kohlanga emlandweni wesintu luzofakwa ohlwini olungezansi, ngokusho kwencazelo esemthethweni yaleli gama.
Izibonelo zokubulawa kobuhlanga
- I-Armenian Genocide: Ukudingiswa ngenkani nokuqothulwa kwabantu abangaba yizigidi ezi-2, nguhulumeni waseTurkey eMbusweni wase-Ottoman phakathi kuka-1915 no-1923.
- Ukuqothulwa kobuhlanga e-Ukraine: Indlala ibangelwa umbuso kaStalin owenzeka endaweni yase-Ukraine phakathi kuka-1932 no-1933.
- UkuQothulwa Kwesizwe ngamaNazi: Linganisa okwaziwa ngokuthi ‘yisisombululo sokugcina’, umzamo wokuqothula ngokuphelele inani lamaJuda aseYurophu eladlula nemiphefumulo yabantu abayizigidi eziyisithupha phakathi kuka-1933 no-1945.
- I-Rwanda Genocide: Ukubulawa kwabantu okwenziwa yiqembu lamaHutu ngokumelene namaTutsi, kubulala abantu abangaba yisigidi esisodwa.
- ICambodia Genocide: Ukubulawa kwabantu abangaba yizigidi ezimbili phakathi kuka-1975 no-1979 ngumbuso wobukhomanisi.
Izici zokuqothulwa kohlanga
Ama-theorists amaningi esayensi yezenhlalo aqaphela ukwenziwa kobuhlanga ngekhulu leminyaka elidlule, futhi baqala ukuthola amaphuzu ajwayelekile ababenawo. Enye yazo ukuthi wonke umuntu, kwesinye isikhathi, usekelwa yingxenye ebalulekile yomphakathi lapho kwenzeka khona, azi ukuthi kwenzeka ngaphansi kwezinyathelo ezilandelanayo:
- Into yokuqala eyenzekayo ukuthi uMbuso uphakamisa a ukuklanywa okuqhubekayo kweqembu elithintekile. Ukuhlukaniswa nokwehlukaniswa komphakathi kungakhuthazwa.
- Iqembu liyabonakala futhi lifanekiselwa, kudala emaqenjini omphakathi angaphandle kwakhe inzondo enamandla nokwedelela.
- Baqala ukuthatha izinyathelo ezilulazayo zalelo qembu, yize kungenjalo ngodlame lomzimba. Ukwenza uphawu kuguqula lo mkhakha okukhulunywa ngawo ube yisitha.
- Amasosha ombuso aba ngabaxhasi besiqubuloNoma amaqembu e-paramilitary ayakhiwa.
- Isinyathelo esilandelayo yi ukulungiselela isenzo.
- Ukuqothulwa kwenzeka lapho, kufanele lapho kubhekene nengxenye ebalulekile yomphakathi ofanayo.
Kubalulekile ukuthi wazi ukuthi kunochungechunge olukhulu lwezehlakalo, iningi lazo elibizwa ngokuthi 'ukubulawa kwabantu' noma isenzo sezepolitiki esishiye inani elikhulu lokufa, kepha lokho okungathobeli ngokusemthethweni incazelo yokuqothulwa kohlanga: iningi lalo lifana kakhulu impi noma impi, umbuzo ongenabudlelwano nokuqothulwa kohlanga ngoba kuyimpi hhayi ukufuna ukuqedwa kweqembu.
